Signal processing for measurement of physiological analysis

A method for measuring an analyte present in a biological system, said method comprising:

• (a) transdermally extracting the analyte from the biological system using a sampling system that is in operative contact with a skin or mucosal surface of said biological system;
• (b) obtaining a raw signal from the extracted analyte, wherein said raw signal is related to analyte concentration;
• (c) subjecting the raw signal obtained in step (b) to a conversion step in order to convert said raw signal to an initial signal output which is indicative of the amount of analyte extracted by the sampling system;
• (d) performing a calibration step which converts the initial signal output obtained in step (c) to a measurement value indicative of the concentration of analyte present in the biological system at the time of extraction;
• and
• (e) repeating steps (a)-(c) at least once to obtain a plurality of measurement values, wherein the sampling system is maintained in operative contact with the skin or mucosal surface of said biological system to provide for analyte measurement.