Method and apparatus for detecting out-of-step in electric power system

An apparatus for detecting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said apparatus comprising:

• voltage and current taking means for taking in a voltage and a current respectively of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• phase angle difference computing means for computing a phase angle difference between said voltage and said current taken by said voltage and current taking means;
• and
• out-of-step judging means connected to receive said phase angle difference for obtaining a change amount in phase angle differences at every measuring interval and for judging that an out-of-step occurs between said two power sub-systems in said electric power system when said change amount in said phase angle differences is below a predetermined threshold value for detecting sudden change in phase angle and said phase angle difference is above a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference.

An apparatus for detecting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said apparatus comprising:

• voltage and current taking means for taking in a voltage and a current respectively of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• sampling means for sampling said voltage and said current taken by said voltage and current taking means at a shorter interval than a fundamental period of said voltage and current;
• phase angle difference computing means for computing an effective value voltage and an effective value current by said sampled voltage and said sampled current sampled by said sampling means and for computing a phase angle difference between said effective value voltage and said effective value current;
• and
• out-of-step judging means connected to receive phase angle difference for obtaining a change amount in said phase angle differences at every measuring interval and for judging that an out-of-step occurs between said two power sub-systems in said electric power system when said change amount in said phase angle differences is below a predetermined threshold value for detecting sudden change in phase angle and said phase angle difference is above a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference.

A method for detecting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said method comprising the steps of:

• taking in a voltage and a current of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• computing a phase angle difference between said voltage and said current taken by said voltage and current taking step;
• judging an out-of-step condition by receiving said phase angle difference, obtaining a change amount in phase angle differences at every measuring interval, and judging that an out-of-step occurs between said two power sub-systems in said electric power system when said change amount in said phase angle differences is below a predetermined threshold value for detecting sudden change in phase angle and said phase angle difference is above a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference;
• and
• computing an impedance to a point where said voltage on said transmission line becomes zero using said voltage and said current at a time when said out-of-step in said electric power system is judged, so as to obtain an out-of-step locus of said electric power system.

An apparatus for detecting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said apparatus comprising:

• voltage and current taking means for taking in voltages and currents respectively in all phases of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• electric power processing means for computing active powers in all phases using said voltages and said currents in all phases of said electric power system and for computing a total active power by adding said active powers in all phases;
• and
• out-of-step judging means connected to receive said total active power from said electric power processing means and one of said currents in all phases from said voltage and current taking means for judging that an out-of-step occurs between said two power sub-systems in said electric power system when said one of said currents changes from an increasing trend to a decreasing trend and a polarity of said total active power is reversed.

A method for predicting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said method comprising the steps of:

• taking in a voltage and a current of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• computing a phase angle difference between said voltage and said current taken by said voltage and current taking step;
• estimating parameters in a predicting equation for predicting a future phase angle difference using a plurality of said phase angle differences computed by said phase angle difference computing step;
• predicting a future phase angle difference using said predicting equation obtained by using said parameters estimated by said parameter estimating step;
• and
• predicting an out-of-step condition between said two sub-systems by receiving said future phase angle difference and predicting a future out-of-step time when said future phase angle difference predicted by said phase angle difference predicting step reaches a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference.

An apparatus for predicting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said apparatus comprising:

• voltage and current taking means for taking in a voltage and a current respectively of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• phase angle difference computing means for computing a phase angle difference between said voltage and said current taken by said voltage and current taking means;
• parameter estimating means for estimating parameters in a predicting equation for predicting a future phase angle difference using a plurality of said phase angle differences computed by said phase angle difference computing means;
• phase angle difference predicting means for predicting a future phase angle difference using said predicting equation obtained by using said parameters estimated by said parameter estimating means;
• and
• out-of-step predicting means for receiving said future phase angle difference and for predicting a future out-of-step time when said future phase angle difference predicted by said phase angle difference predicting means reaches a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference.

An apparatus for detecting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said apparatus comprising:

• voltage and current taking means for taking in voltages and currents in all phases of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• positive phase component conversion means for converting said voltages and said currents in all phases of said electric power system taken in said voltage and current taking means into a positive phase voltage and a positive phase current;
• phase angle difference computing means for computing a phase angle difference between said positive phase voltage and said positive phase current;
• out-of-step judging means for receiving said phase angle difference, for obtaining a change amount in phase angle differences at every measuring interval and for judging that an out-of-step occurs between said two power sub-systems in said electric power system when said change amount in said phase angle differences is below a predetermined threshold value for detecting sudden change in phase angle and said phase angle difference is above a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference;
• impedance computing means for computing an impedance to a point where said voltage on said transmission line becomes zero using said positive phase voltage and said positive phase current at a time when said out-of-step in said electric power system is judged, so as to obtain an out-of-step locus of said electric power system;
• and
• out-of-step transmission line specifying means for computing a distance using said impedance computed by said impedance computing means and an impedance per unit length of said transmission line and for specifying said transmission line which includes said out-of-step locus based on said distance.

An apparatus for predicting an out-of-step in an electric power system in which two power sub-systems are connected at both sides of a transmission line, said apparatus comprising:

• voltage and current taking means for taking in a voltage and a current of said electric power system at regular measuring intervals;
• phase angle difference computing means for computing a phase angle difference between said voltage and said current taken by said voltage and current taking means;
• phase angle difference parameter estimating means for estimating phase angle difference parameters in a phase angle difference predicting equation for predicting a future phase angle difference using a plurality of said phase angle differences computed by said phase angle difference computing means;
• phase angle difference predicting means for predicting a future phase angle difference using said phase angle difference predicting equation obtained by using said phase angle difference parameters estimated by said phase angle difference parameter estimating means;
• out-of-step predicting means for receiving said future phase angle difference and for a future predicted out-of-step time when said future phase angle difference predicted by said phase angle difference predicting means reaches a preset out-of-step judging phase angle difference;
• out-of-step judging means for judging that an out-of-step occurs between said two power sub-systems in said electric power system based on said predicted out-of-step time;
• voltage amplitude value estimating means for estimating a voltage amplitude value of said voltage taken in said voltage and current taking means;
• voltage amplitude value parameter estimating means for estimating voltage amplitude value parameters in a voltage amplitude value predicting equation for predicting a future voltage amplitude value using a plurality of said voltage amplitude values estimated by said voltage amplitude value estimating means;
• voltage amplitude value predicting means for predicting a future voltage amplitude value time using said voltage amplitude value predicting equation obtained by using said voltage amplitude value parameters estimated by said voltage amplitude value parameter estimating means;
• current amplitude value estimating means for estimating a current amplitude value of said current taken in said voltage and current taking means;
• current amplitude value parameter estimating means for estimating current amplitude value parameters in a current amplitude value predicting equation for predicting a future current amplitude value using a plurality of said current amplitude values estimated by said current amplitude value estimating means;
• current amplitude value predicting means for predicting a future current amplitude value using said current amplitude value predicting equation obtained by using said current amplitude value parameters estimated by said current amplitude value parameter estimating means;
• and
• out-of-step locus estimating means for estimating whether an out-of-step locus is included in said transmission line using said future voltage amplitude value and said future current amplitude value at a time when said out-of-step in said electric power system is judged, so as to obtain an out-of-step locus of said electric power system.