Antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel

An antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel in which a first substrate having a plurality of first transparent electrodes in a strip shape and a second substrate having a plurality of second transparent electrodes in a strip shape are opposedly disposed with a small gap therebetween so that the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes face and intersect with each other at substantially right angles and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is filled in the gap, said antiferroelectric liquid crystal panel comprising:

• spacers made of an insulating material and fixed on said first substrate, which have a cross shape or the shape of the letter T or L and are provided independently at least at positions corresponding to each intersecting portion of first spaces between said first transparent electrodes and second spaces between said second transparent electrodes,
• a first alignment layer formed on said first substrate to cover at least said first transparent electrodes;
• and
• a second alignment layer formed on said second substrate to cover said second transparent electrodes.