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US 6,187,063 B1Granted
Aqueous emulsion fuels from petroleum residuum-based fuel oils
OwnerRudolf W. Gunnermaninventor
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OwnerRudolf W. Gunnermaninventor
Estimating the term…
An aqueous macroemulsion to be used in place of petroleum residuum-based fuel oils such as No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 fuel oils, as well as the vacuum residuum from the fraction distillation of petroleum, is formed by emulsifying the fuel oil with water or an aqueous liquid, the fuel oil forming the dispersed phase and the aqueous liquid forming the continuous phase. An emulsion stabilizer, and optionally various other additives, notably a lower allyl alcohol, are included to stabilize the properties of the emulsion. The emulsion is prepared by heating the fuel oil, particularly No. 6 fuel oil, and the water to a temperature above about 60° C., and combining the two heated liquids in an appropriate ratio and shearing the mixture to form the macroemulsion. The macroemulsion offers numerous advantages over the fuel oil itself including the fact that it can be pumped at ambient temperature rather than requiring heating, and that it is a clean-burning fuel with significantly lower emission of NOx and other pollutants and contaminants.
A macroemulsion useful as a low-viscosity, clean-burning liquid fuel, said macroemulsion comprising:
A method for the preparation of a low-viscosity, clean-burning fuel based on liquefied coke, said method comprising combining said liquefied coke with an aqueous fluid at a temperature of at least about 150° C. and emulsifying said liquefied coke and aqueous fluid in the presence of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate emulsion stabilizing additive, a dicarboxylic acid lubricity enhancer, and a dihydroxyethyl tallow glycinate heat stabilizer, to form a macroemulsion in which said liquefied coke forms a dispersed phase and said aqueous fluid forms a continuous phase.
A method for the preparation of a low-viscosity, clean-burning liquid fuel based on No. 6 fuel oil, said method comprising:
In a method for controlling NOx emissions from a fuel-fired heat generation unit selected from the group consisting of boilers and furnaces in which a first portion of fuel is combusted in a main burner thereby forming a combustion product stream and a second portion of fuel is injected into said combustion product stream to cause reburning of said combustion product mixture in a reducing atmosphere,
A method for the preparation of a low-viscosity, clean-burning fuel based on residuum from fractional distillation of crude petroleum, said method comprising combining said residuum with an aqueous fluid at a temperature of at least about 205° C. and emulsifying said residuum and aqueous fluid in the presence of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate emulsion stabilizing additive, a dicarboxylic acid lubricity enhancer, and a dihydroxyethyl tallow glycinate heat stabilizer, to form a macroemulsion in which said residuum forms a dispersed phase and said aqueous fluid forms a continuous phase.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.