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US 6,184,739 B2Granted
Advanced near ideal mixer
AssigneeIntel Corporation
InventorJames T. Doyle
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A method and apparatus pertains to a mixer. A first differential pair has a first and a second drain lead coupled to a first and a second gate lead respectively. A first transformer is coupled to the first and the second drain lead. A second differential pair has a third and a fourth gate lead coupled to the second and the first gate lead of the first differential pair respectively. A third differential pair has a fifth and a sixth gate lead coupled to the first and the second gate lead of the first differential pair if the mixer is performing as a down converter, and has fifth and sixth drain leads coupled to third and fourth drain leads of the second differential pair respectively. A second transformer is coupled to a first and a second base lead of the second and the third differential pair respectively.
Claims33
An apparatus comprising:
- a first transformer for receiving a first signal;
- a second transformer for receiving a second signal;
- a multiplier circuit coupled to said first transformer for receiving said first signal and further coupled to said second transformer for receiving said second signal, wherein
- said multiplier circuit comprises:
- a first differential pair having a first drain lead, a second drain lead, a first gate lead, and a second gate lead, wherein said first and said second drain leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads respectively;
- a second differential pair having a third drain lead, a fourth drain lead, a third gate lead, a fourth gate lead and a first base lead, wherein said third and said fourth gate leads are coupled to said second and said first gate leads of said first differential pair respectively;
- and
- a third differential pair having a fifth drain lead, a sixth drain lead, a fifth gate lead, a sixth gate lead and a second base lead, wherein said fifth and said sixth gate leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads of said first differential pair respectively wherein said apparatus is in a down converter mode, said fifth and said sixth gate leads are coupled to said first gate lead wherein said apparatus is in an up converter mode, said fifth and said sixth drain leads are coupled to said third and said fourth drain leads of said second differential pair respectively.
5 more elements
An apparatus comprising:
- a first differential pair having a first drain lead, a second drain lead, a first gate lead, and a second gate lead, wherein said first and said second drain leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads respectively;
- a first transformer having a first output and a second output, said first and said second outputs are coupled to said first and said second drain leads respectively;
- a second differential pair having a third drain lead, a fourth drain lead, a third gate lead, a fourth gate lead and a first base lead, wherein said third and said fourth gate leads are coupled to said second and said first gate leads respectively;
- a third differential pair having a fifth drain lead, a sixth drain lead, a fifth gate lead, a sixth gate lead and a second base lead, wherein said fifth and said sixth gate leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads respectively if said apparatus is in a down converter mode, said fifth and said sixth drain leads are coupled to said third and said fourth drain leads respectively;
- a second transformer having a third output and a fourth output, said third and said fourth outputs coupled to said first and said second base leads respectively.
2 more elements
A method comprising:
- coupling a first and a second drain lead to a first and a second gate lead in a first differential pair respectively;
- coupling a first transformer to said first and said second drain leads;
- coupling a third and a fourth gate lead in a second differential pair to said second and said first gate leads respectively;
- coupling a fifth and a sixth gate lead of a third differential pair to said fourth and said third gate leads respectively;
- coupling said fifth and said sixth gate leads to said first and said second gate leads of said first differential pair respectively when a mixer is in a down converter mode;
- coupling said fifth and sixth gate leads to said first gate lead of said first differential pair when said mixer is in an up converter mode;
- coupling a fifth and a sixth drain lead of a third differential pair to a third and a fourth drain lead of said second differential pair;
- and
- coupling a second transformer to a first base lead of said second differential pair and a second base lead of said third differential pair.
6 more elements
A communication system comprising:
- a signal source;
- a local oscillator;
- a mixer, said mixer comprising:
- a first differential pair having a first drain lead, a second drain lead, a first gate lead, and a second gate lead, wherein said first and said second drain leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads respectively;
- a first transformer having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, said first and said second input coupled to receive said signal source, said first and said second outputs are coupled to said first and said second drain leads respectively;
- a second differential pair having a third drain lead, a fourth drain lead, a third gate lead, a fourth gate lead and a first base lead, wherein said third and said fourth gate leads are coupled to said second and said first gate leads respectively;
- a third differential pair having a fifth drain lead, a sixth drain lead, a fifth gate lead, a sixth gate lead and a second base lead, wherein said fifth and said sixth gate leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads respectively when said mixer is in a down converter mode, said fifth and said sixth gate leads are coupled to said first gate lead when said mixer is in an up converter mode, said fifth and said sixth drain leads are coupled to said third and said fourth drain leads respectively;
- and
- a second transformer having a third input, a fourth input, a third output and a fourth output, said third and said fourth input coupled to receive said local oscillator, said third and said fourth outputs coupled to said first and said second base leads respectively.
6 more elements
An apparatus comprising:
- a first transformer for receiving a first signal;
- a second transformer for receiving a second signal;
- a multiplier circuit coupled to said first transformer for receiving said first signal and further coupled to said second transformer for receiving said second signal, wherein said multiplier circuit comprises:
- a first differential pair coupled to said first transformer, wherein said first differential pair further comprises:
- a first drain lead, a second drain lead, a first gate lead, and a second gate lead, wherein said first and said second drain leads are coupled to said first and said second gate leads, respectively;
- and
- a second differential pair coupled to said first differential pair a third differential pair and said second transformer, wherein said second differential pair and said third differential pair are coupled in parallel.
4 more elements
An apparatus comprising:
- a first transformer for receiving a first signal;
- a second transformer for receiving a second signal;
- a multiplier circuit coupled to said first transformer for receiving said first signal and further coupled to said second transformer for receiving said second signal, said first transformer has a first output and a second output, and said first and said second outputs are coupled to said first and said second drain leads of said first differential pair, respectively, wherein said multiplier circuit comprises:
- a first differential pair coupled to said first transformer;
- a second differential pair coupled to said first differential pair a third differential pair and said second transformer, wherein said second differential pair and said third differential pair are coupled in parallel.
2 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.