Organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

A laser comprising:

• a transparent substrate;
• a first mirror layer over said substrate, said first mirror layer comprising a Bragg reflector dielectric mirror stack;
• a layer of active organic material over said first mirror layer;
• a buffer layer of organic material over said layer of active organic material;
• a second mirror layer over said buffer layer, said second mirror layer comprising a metal mirror;
• and
• a source of optical pump energy;
• wherein
• said active organic material lases when pumped with said source of optical pump energy to thereby produce laser light;
• and
• said first and second mirror layers each reflect at least about 90% of the light produced by said active organic material.

A laser comprising:

• a transparent substrate,
• a first mirror layer over said substrate, said first mirror layer comprising a Bragg reflector dielectric mirror stack;
• a first electrode over said first mirror layer;
• a layer of active organic material over said first electrode;
• a second electrode over said layer of active organic material;
• and
• a second mirror layer over said second electrode, said second mirror layer comprising a Bragg reflector dielectric mirror stack;
• wherein
• said active organic material lases when pumped to thereby produce laser light;
• said active organic material is electroluminescent such that it is pumped when an electric current is passed between said first and second electrodes;
• said first and second electrodes are substantially transparent;
• and
• said first and second mirror layers each reflect at least about 95% of the light produced by said active organic material.