Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements

A panel-form loudspeaker comprising:

• a member having a periphery and having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for coupling at least one transducer to efficiently cause the member to resonate;
• said at least one transducer coupled to said member at one of said locations or sites;
• a frame supporting the member round its periphery, the transducer being coupled between the member and the frame;
• and
• a resilient suspension coupled between the frame and the member periphery whereby the member is capable of pistonic movement and resonant behaviour;
• wherein the transducer is adapted to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating, and is adapted to move the member pistonically;
• and
• wherein the frame comprises a floor stand having a ground engaging portion, a substantially upright portion extending from the ground engaging portion, a portion surrounding the member and a plurality of arms extending from the upright portion, the distal ends of which arms connect to the frame portion surrounding the member.