Fractal antenna ground counterpoise, ground planes, and loading elements

A fractal antenna coupleable to a transceiver unit, the fractal antenna comprising:

• a driven element, and
• a ground counterpoise system including at least one fractal counterpoise element having a portion that includes at least a first motif and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
• wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;
• wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif;
• and
• wherein said first motif is selected from a group consisting of (i) Koch, (ii) Minkowski, (iii) Cantor, (iv) torn square, (v) Mandelbrot, (vi) Caley tree, (vii) monkey's swing, (viii) Sierpinski gasket, and (ix) Julia.

A top-hat loaded antenna, comprising:

• a vertical element having an upper end and a lower end;
• and
• a top-hat assembly electrically coupled to said upper end of said vertical element;
• wherein said top-hat assembly includes a top-hat element having a portion that includes a first motif and a first replication of said first motif and a second replication of said first motif such that a point chosen on a geometric figure represented by said first motif will result in a corresponding point on said first replication and on said second replication of said first motif;
• wherein there exists at least one non-straight line locus connecting each said point;
• wherein a replication of said first motif is a change selected from a group consisting of (a) a rotation and change of scale of said first motif, (b) a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif, and (c) a rotation and a linear displacement translation and a change of scale of said first motif;
• and
• wherein said top-hat element has a perimeter compression parameter (PC) defined by:
• PC=(full-sized antenna element length)/(fractal-reduced antenna element length)
• in which PC=A.multidot.log(N(D+C)), A and C are constant coefficients for said first motif, N is an iteration number, and D is a fractal dimension given by log(L)/log(r), where L and r are one-dimensional fractal top-hat element lengths before and after fractalization, respectively.