Lubricating film comprising a covalently bonded, chemically adsorbed film and a physically adsorbed organic compound formed thereon

A lubricating film comprising:

• a chemically adsorbed monomolecular film comprising organic molecules covalently bonded to a substrate surface, wherein the number of carbon atoms of said organic molecules is between 8 and 30, and
• a layer of physically adsorbed organic compounds comprising carbon chains physically adsorbed to the surface of said chemically adsorbed monomolecular film,
• said physically adsorbed organic compounds comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based fatty acids, fatty acid esters, silicon derivatives having Si and an alkyl group in a part of a structure, fatty acid salts, and fatty acid amides;
• wherein a surface of the substrate coated with said lubricating film has sufficient durability that said lubricating film will endure 5,000 repetitions of sliding a 100 gm steel ball on the substrate in a range of 10 cm.