# US 6,083,589 A · Composite filled hollow structure having roughened outer surface portion for use as a piling > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 6,083,589 A - Document ID: US6083589A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 09/013,904 - Filed: 1998-01-27 - Granted: 2000-07-04 - Earliest claimed: 1992-07-20 - Assignees: Lancaster Composite - Inventors: Robert H. Greene - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US6083589A ## CPC - E04C 5/07: Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal (metal elements with non-structural coatings E04C5/01) - E04C 3/34: of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings (E04C3/36 takes precedence) - E04H 12/02: Structures made of specified materials - E04H 12/12: of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements - E04H 17/20: Posts therefor - Y10T 428/1314: Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.] - Y10T 428/1372: Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes - Y10T 428/1393: Multilayer [continuous layer] - E04C: STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS (for bridges E01D; specially designed for insulation or other protection E04B; elements used as building aids E04G; for mining E21; for tunnels E21D; structural elements with broader range of application than for building engineering F16, particularly F16S) - E04H: BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL (foundations E02D) - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A filled structure characterized by the combination of high compressive and tensile strength to allow a high bending load includes a fiber reinforced resinous hollow structure having a tensile strength of at least 30,000 psi. The hollow structure has first and second ends, an inside surface forming a boundary which encloses a space, and an outside surface. At least a portion of the outside surface of one of the ends has a roughened portion sufficient to provide frictional resistance with the ground when the one end is driven into the ground. A hard core is disposed within the space enclosed by the hollow structure. The hard core has a density of at least 35 pounds per cubic foot and a compressive strength of at least 1500 psi. The hard core is formed from a mixture of particulate cementitious material and liquid. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A filled structure characterized by the combination of high compressive and tensile strength to allow a high bending load, the filled structure comprising: a fiber reinforced resinous hollow structure having a tensile strength of at least 30,000 psi, said hollow structure having first and second ends, an inside surface forming a boundary which encloses a space, and an outside surface, at least a portion of said outside surface of at least one of said ends having a roughened portion sufficient to provide increased frictional resistance with the ground when said one end is driven into the ground, and a hard core within said space enclosed by the hollow structure the, hard core having a density of at least 35 pounds per cubic foot and a compressive strength of at least 1500 psi, the hard core being formed from a mixture of particulate cementitious material and liquid. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said roughened portion is defined by an abrasive adhesive disposed on said portion of said outside surface. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said roughened portion is defined by a plurality of fiber rovings wrapped about said hollow structure in such a manner to extend from said outside surface, each of said fiber rovings being spaced from an adjacent fiber roving. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The filled structure of claim 3, wherein each of said fiber rovings are wrapped so as to be generally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said hollow structure. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said inside surface and said core are constructed and arranged such that when said core hardens, said hard core is mechanically locked to said inside surface of said hollow structure. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The filled structure of claim 5, wherein substantially all of said inside surface is a roughened surface including a plurality of recesses therein which reduce a wall thickness of said hollow structure at each recess and increase a surface area of said inside surface, a portion of said hard core being disposed within said recesses, thereby mechanically locking said hard core to said hollow structure. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The filled structure of claim 5, wherein said inside surface includes ridges therein, a portion of said hard core engaging said ridges, mechanically locking said hard core to said hollow structure. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The filled structure of claim 7, wherein said ridges are one of concave and convex ridges. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said hard core is such that it expands its volume as it hardens, expansion of the mixture being restrained by the hollow structure and the hard core exerts a force against the inside surface of the hollow structure. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein the hollow structure is a closed section. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein the hollow structure is a cylindrical pipe having fiberglass rovings therein. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein the mixture from which the core is formed includes a Portland cement. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The filled structure of claim 9, wherein the mixture from which the core is formed includes stone, sand water and Portland cement and an additive which causes expansion of the mixture as it hardens. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, further including a veil attached on the outside of the hollow structure, the veil comprising a cloth material impregnated with resin. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, further including a coating attached on the outside of the hollow structure with the coating comprising a material which absorbs or shields ultraviolet radiation. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said hard core includes material therein selected from the group consisting of silica fume, metal, glass and polymer fibers. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said hollow structure has fiber rovings throughout an entire thickness thereof. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive between said inside surface of said hollow structure and the hard core chemically locking said hard core to said inside surface. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The filled structure of claim 1, wherein said hard core is of material such that shrinkage thereof is negligible upon hardening. ### Claim 20 A filled structure characterized by the combination of high compressive strength and tensile strength to allow a high bending load, the filled structure comprising: a fiber reinforced hollow structure having fiber rovings throughout an entire thickness thereof and angled with respect to a longitudinal axis thereof so as to have a tensile strength of at least 30,000 psi and having an inside surface forming a boundary which encloses a space, and hard core within said space and enclosed by the hollow structure, the hard core having a density of at least 35 pounds per cubic foot and a compressive strength of at least 1500 psi, the hard core being formed from a mixture of cementitous material and liquid such that said hard core is force-fit against the inside surface of said hollow structure. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The filled structure according to claim 20, further comprising a roughed portion on at least a portion of an outside surface of said hollow structure generally near at least one end thereof to provide increased frictional resistance with the ground when said at least one end is driven into the ground. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The filled structure according to claim 20, wherein said inside surface of said hollow structure and said core are constructed and arranged such that when said core hardens, said hard core is mechanically locked to said inside surface. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The filled structure according to claim 20, wherein said fiber rovings are one of glass and carbon fiber rovings.