Graphitic nanofibers in electrochemical capacitors
AssigneeHyperion Catalysis International, Inc.
InventorsHoward Tennent, David Moy, Chun-Ming Niu
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Abstract
Graphitic nanofibers, which include tubular fullerenes (commonly called "buckytubes"), nanotubes and fibrils, which are functionalized by chemical substitution, are used as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors. The graphitic nanofiber based electrode increases the performance of the electrochemical capacitors. Preferred nanofibers have a surface area greater than about 200 m.sup.2 /gm and are substantially free of micropores.
Claims99
A capacitor having an electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm.
An electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm.
A capacitor, comprising:
- a first electrode, the first electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm;
- a second electrode, the second electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm;
- and
- an electrode separator disposed between the electrodes, the electrode separator comprising an electrically nonconductive and ionically conductive material.
A capacitor comprising a plurality of cells, each cell comprising:
- a first electrode, the first electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm;
- a second electrode, the second electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm;
- and
- an electrode separator disposed between the electrodes, the electrode separator comprising an electrically nonconductive and ionically conductive material;
- and
- an electrical connection between the cells.
A wound roll capacitor comprising two layers of nanofiber electrode having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm and at least two layers of electrode separator comprising electrically nonconductive and ionically conductive material.
A capacitor, comprising a first electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm;
- a second electrode comprising nanofibers having a surface area greater than about 100 m.sup.2 /gm, wherein the second electrode has a redox potential different from said first electrode;
- an electrode separator disposed between the electrodes, the electrode separator comprising an electrically nonconductive and ionically conductive material;
- and
- wherein redox reactions occur only at surfaces of said first and second electrodes.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.