Aqueous dispersion polymers

An aqueous dispersion comprising a water soluble, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymer dispersed in an aqueous salt solution, said polymer obtained by polymerization of unsaturated monomers selected from the group consisting of (i) N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides, N,N-dialkyl acrylamides, N,N-dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and alkyl styrenes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkyl esters derived from the reaction of alkanols having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;

• (ii) monomers having the formula:
• ##STR8## wherein R.sub.1 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl;
• and (iii) monomers having the formula:
• ##STR9## wherein R.sub.2 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, F is a NHR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M-- or OR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M--, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkylene group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl groups, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl groups, aromatic or alkylaromatic groups, and M-- is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate in said aqueous salt solution in the presence of at least one carbohydrate and a compound selected from the group consisting of tannin, cationically modified tannin, reaction products of tannin with formaldehyde and amines, and mixtures thereof, wherein said aqueous salt solution is free of seed polymers having benzyl quaternary repeating units or dispersant polymers having quaternary ammonium alkylate repeating units and with the proviso that at least one of said ethylenically unsaturated monomers is a monomer of (ii) or (iii).

A process for producing a water soluble, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymer dispersed in an aqueous salt solution, said process comprising polymerizing unsaturated monomers selected from the group consisting of (i) N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides, N,N-dialkyl acrylamides, N,N-dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and alkyl styrenes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkyl esters derived from the reaction of alkanols having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;

• (ii) monomers having the formula:
• ##STR10## wherein R.sub.1 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl;
• and (iii) monomers having the formula:
• ##STR11## wherein R.sub.2 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, F is a NHR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M-- or OR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M--, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkylene group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl groups, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl groups, aromatic or alkylaromatic groups, and M-- is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate in an aqueous salt solution in the presence of at least one carbohydrate and a compound selected from the group consisting of tannin, cationically modified tannin, reaction products of tannin with formaldehyde and amines, and mixtures thereof, wherein said aqueous salt solution is free of seed polymers having benzyl quaternary repeating units or dispersant polymers having quaternary ammonium alkylate repeating units and with the proviso that at least one of said ethylenically unsaturated monomers is a monomer of (ii) or (iii).

A process for producing a water soluble, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymer dispersed in an aqueous salt solution, said process comprising polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from the group consisting of (i) N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides, N,N-dialkyl acrylamides, N,N-dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and alkyl styrenes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkyl esters derived from the reaction of alkanols having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;

• (ii) monomers having the formula:
• ##STR12## wherein R.sub.1 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl;
• and (iii) monomers having the formula:
• ##STR13## wherein R.sub.2 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, F is a NHR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M-- or OR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M--, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkylene group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl groups, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl groups, aromatic or alkylaromatic groups, and M-- is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate in an aqueous salt solution comprising at least one carbohydrate, at least one tannin compound selected from the group consisting of tannin, cationically modified tannin, and reaction products of tannin with formaldehyde and amines, salt, a polymerization initiator and water, with the proviso that at least one of said ethylenically unsaturated monomers is a monomer of (ii) or (iii).

A process for producing a water soluble, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymer dispersed in an aqueous salt solution, said process comprising polymerizing:

• a) from about 0 to 60 mole percent of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (i) N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides, N,N-dialkyl acrylamides, N,N-dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and alkyl styrenes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkyl esters derived from the reaction of alkanols having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;
• b) from about 20 to 95 mole percent of a monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl acrylamides;
• and
• c) from about 5 to 80 mole percent of monomers selected from the group consisting of monomers having the formula ##STR14## wherein R.sub.2 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, F is a NHR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M-- or OR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M--, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkylene group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl groups, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl groups, aromatic alkylaromatic groups, and M-- is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate, with the proviso that the sum of the molar percentages of a), b), and c) equal 100 mole percent, in a solution comprising from about 0.01 to 10 percent by weight of at least one carbohydrate, from about 0.005 weight percent to 5 weight percent a tannin compound selected from the group consisting of tannin, cationically modified tannin, reaction products of tannin with formaldehyde and amines, or mixtures thereof, and from about 15 percent by weight of at least one salt in water wherein said percentages are based on the total weight of said dispersion.

A process for producing a water soluble, aqueous salt solution polymer dispersed in an aqueous salt solution, said process comprising polymerizing:

• a) from about 0 to 40 mole percent of a monomer selected from the group consisting of (i) N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides, N,N-dialkyl acrylamides, N,N-dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and alkyl styrenes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkyl esters derived from the reaction of alkanols having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;
• b) from about 20 to 80 mole percent of a monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 N-alkyl acrylamides;
• and
• c) from about 5 to 80 mole percent of monomers selected from the group consisting of monomers having the formula ##STR15## wherein R.sub.2 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, F is a NHR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M-- or OR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M--,R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkylene group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl groups, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl groups, aromatic alkylaromatic groups, and M-- is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate, with the proviso that the sum of the molar percentages of a), b), and c) equal 100 mole percent, in a solution comprising from about 0.01 to 10 percent by weight of at least one carbohydrate, from about 0.005 weight percent to 5 weight percent a tannin compound selected from the group consisting of tannin, cationically modified tannin reaction products of tannin with formaldehyde and amines, or mixtures thereof, and from about 15 percent by weight of at least one salt in water wherein said percentages are based on the total weight of said dispersion.

An aqueous dispersion comprising a water soluble, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymer dispersed in an aqueous salt solution, said polymer having the structure:

• ##STR16## where E represents N-alkyl acrylamides, N-alkyl methacrylamides, N,N dialkyl acrylamides, N,N dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates and alkylstyrenes having 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and alkyl esters derived from the reaction of alkanols having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids;
• R.sub.1 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl;
• R.sub.2 is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl;
• F is a NHR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M-- or OR.sub.3 N+(R.sub.4,5,6)M--, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkylene group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl groups, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl groups, aromatic or alkylaromatic groups, and M-- is chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide or methyl or hydrogen sulfate;
• with the proviso that the sum of the molar percentages of w, x and y must add up to 100 molar percent, and wherein said polymer is obtained by polymerizing unsaturated monomers in an aqueous salt solution comprising at least one carbohydrate, salt, water, a polymerization initiator, a compound selected from the group consisting of tannin, cationically modified tannin, reaction products of tannin with formaldehyde and amines, and mixtures thereof, and optionally a crosslinking agent.