Wax containing colorants
AssigneeXerox Corporation
InventorsRaj D. Patel, Michael A. Hopper, Paul F. Smith, Beng S. Ong, Allan K. Chen
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A toner process which comprises mixing (i) a colorant dispersion, and a (ii) a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof, with (iii) a latex comprised of resin and a mixture of anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant; (iv) heating the resulting blend of (iii) about equal to, or below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin; and (v) optionally adding additional anionic surfactant to the resulting aggregated suspension of (iv); (vi) heating the resulting mixture of (v) about equal to, or above about the Tg of the resin and (vii) isolating the toner.
Claims38
A process for the preparation of toner comprising:
- (i) preparing, or providing a colorant dispersion;
- (ii) preparing, or providing a functionalized wax dispersion comprised of a functionalized wax contained in a dispersant mixture comprised of a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof;
- (iii) shearing the resulting mixture of the functionalized wax dispersion (ii) and the colorant dispersion (i) with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin contained in a mixture of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;
- (iv) heating the resulting sheared blend of (iii) below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin particles;
- (v) optionally adding additional anionic surfactant to the resulting aggregated suspension of (iv) to prevent, or minimize additional particle growth of the resulting electrostatically bound toner size aggregates during coalescence (iv);
- (vi) heating the resulting mixture of (v) above about the Tg of the resin;
- and optionally
- (vii) separating the toner particles.
A process for the preparation of toner comprising
- (i) preparing, or providing an aqueous colorant dispersion containing colorant particles stabilized by a nonionic surfactant and water;
- (ii) preparing, or providing a functionalized wax dispersion containing functionalized wax particles stabilized by a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof;
- (iii) shearing the wax, colorant, and a latex mixture containing a resin, with a poly aluminum halide solution, resulting in a flocculation of the said wax, colorant, and latex particles;
- (iv) heating the resulting sheared blend equal to or below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin latex, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates and
- (v) optionally adjusting the pH of the toner aggregates (v) to from about 2.3 to about 6.5 with a base;
- and
- (vi) heating the resulting blend about above the latex resin Tg, and optionally
- (vii) separating the toner from the resulting aqueous slurry and optionally washing.
A process for the preparation of toner comprising:
- (i) preparing, or providing a colorant dispersion;
- (ii) preparing, or providing a functionalized wax dispersion comprised of a functionalized wax contained in a dispersant mixture comprised of a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof;
- (iii) shearing the resulting mixture of the functionalized wax dispersion (ii) and the colorant dispersion (i) with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin contained in a mixture of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;
- (iv) heating the resulting sheared blend of (iii) below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin particles;
- (v) optionally adding additional anionic surfactant to the resulting aggregated suspension of (iv) to prevent, or minimize additional particle growth of the resulting electrostatically bound toner size aggregates during coalescence (iv);
- (vi) heating the resulting mixture of (v) above about the Tg of the resin;
- and optionally
- (vii) separating the toner particles, and wherein there is formed in (iv) toner aggregates of from about 1 to about 10 microns in volume average diameter.
A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:
- (i) providing, or preparing a latex emulsion comprised of submicron resin particles which are in the size range of between about 0.1 to about 0.4 microns in volume average diameter, in an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;
- (ii) preparing a functionalized wax/colorant dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of submicron wax particles which are in the size range of between about 0.1 to about 0.3 microns in volume average diameter, suspended in an aqueous phase containing an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, a colorant dispersion containing submicron colorant particles suspended in an aqueous phase containing a nonionic surfactant, to which a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to the ionic surfactant of employed in the latex is added;
- (iii) shearing the functionalized wax/colorant dispersion with a latex comprised of resin, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, and water, thereby causing a flocculation of wax, colorant, and resin in an aqueous media containing anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants;
- (iv) heating the above sheared, flocculated blend at a temperature of from about 5 to about 25.degree. C. below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form toner aggregates and;
- (v) adding an anionic stabilizer to the electrostatically formed aggregates, and heating at a temperature of from about 5 to about 50.degree. C. on about 6 to about 35 degrees Centigrade above about the Tg of the resin to provide a toner comprised of resin, functionalized wax, and colorant, and wherein the wax is completely, from about 95 to about 100 percent, incorporated in the toner.
A toner process which comprises mixing
- (i) a colorant dispersion, a functionalized wax, and
- (ii) a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof, with
- (iii) a latex comprised of resin and a mixture of anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;
- (iv) heating the resulting blend of (iii) about equal to, or below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin;
- and
- (v) optionally adding additional anionic surfactant to the resulting aggregated suspension of (iv);
- (vi) heating the resulting mixture of (v) about equal to, or above about the Tg of the resin, and
- (vii) isolating the toner.
A process for the preparation of toner which comprises mixing a colorant dispersion, a functionalized wax and a latex, subsequently heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature of the latex resin, cooling, and thereafter heating the resulting mixture above the glass transition temperature of the latex resin.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.