A process for the selective hydroisomerisation of compounds containing at least one n-alkane chain containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which said compound to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element and at least one molecular sieve with a mono- or bidimensional pore network in which the openings of the accessible pores are delimited by 10 oxygen atoms, and the distance termed the bridge width between the pores is less than 0.70 nm, the molecular sieve is Nu-23, Nu-87 or Eu-13, and contains boron, gallium or zinc, and in which said catalyst, when subjected to a standard n-heptadecane isomerisation test, has a selectivity of at least 70% towards isomerised products for a conversion of 95%.