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US 5,972,442 AGranted
Strengthening agent, strengthened metal halide particles, and improved lamp fill material
AssigneeAdvanced Lighting Technologies, Inc.
InventorsScott Anderson, Steve Hansen
Life of this patent
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Abstract
Particle compositions are described comprising certain metal halides in combination with a strengthening agent. The addition of the strengthening agent to a metal halide particle increases the particle's strength thereby reducing breakage on impact and during handling. When used as a vaporizable metal halide fill in discharge lamps, the particle strength is increased without significantly altering the spectral and electrical characteristics of the lamp. Methods of making the particles and arc tube containing the particles are also disclosed.
Claims74
An improved particle comprising between about 99.5 and 95.0 mole percent of a first metal halide and between about 0.5 and about 5.0 mole percent of a second metal halide comprising of one or more of iodides, bromides, or chlorides of gold, silver or copper.
An improved Particle comprising:
- (a) a parent metal halide from the group consisting of one or more of the following halides:
- (i) iodides, (ii) bromides and (iii) chlorides of one or more of the following metals:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in Group 2,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Ti, Zr and Hf in Group 4,
- Ta and Nb in Group 5,
- Mn in Group 7,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hg in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- As, Sb and Bi in Group 15,
- Te in Group 16,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- (b) a strengthening agent comprising of one or more metal halides from the group consisting of AgI.sub.x, AgBr.sub.x, AgCl.sub.x, CuI.sub.x, CuBr.sub.x, CuCl.sub.x, AuI.sub.x, AuBr.sub.x and AuCl.sub.x where 0.95<X<1.05.
16 more elements
A lamp fill material comprising a particle, said particle comprising:
- (a) a parent metal halide from the group consisting of one or more of halides from the group consisting of:
- (i) iodides, (ii) bromides and (iii) chlorides of one or more of the following metals:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in Group 2,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Ti, Zr and Hf in Group 4,
- Ta and Nb in Group 5,
- Mn in Group 7,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hg in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- As, Sb and Bi in Group 15,
- Te in Group 16,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- and
- (b) a strengthening agent comprising one or more metal halides from the group consisting of AgI.sub.x, AgBr.sub.x, AgCl.sub.x, CuI.sub.x, CuBr.sub.x, CuCl.sub.x, AuI.sub.x, AuBr.sub.x and AuCl.sub.x where 0.95<X<1.05.
17 more elements
A lamp fill material comprising:
- (a) a parent metal halide from the group consisting of one or more of halides from the group consisting of:
- (i) iodides, (ii) bromides and (iii) chlorides of one or more of the following metals:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in Group 2,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Ti, Zr and Hf in Group 4,
- Ta and Nb in Group 5,
- Mn in Group 7,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hg in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- As, Sb and Bi in Group 15,
- Te in Group 16,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- and
- (b) a strengthening agent comprising one or more metal halides from the group consisting of AgI.sub.x, AgBr.sub.x, AgCl.sub.x, CuI.sub.x, CuBr.sub.x, CuCl.sub.x, AuI.sub.x, AuBr.sub.x and AuCl.sub.x where 0.95<X<1.05;
- wherein the amount of the strengthening agent is between about 0.5 and about 5.0 mole percent, said lamp fill material being suitable for introduction before the lamp is fired as lamp fill material into an unfired arc tube.
18 more elements
A lamp fill material comprising:
- (a) a parent metal halide from the group consisting of one or more of halides from the group consisting of:
- (i) iodides, (ii) bromides and (iii) chlorides of one or more of the following metals:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in Group 2,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Ti, Zr and Hf in Group 4,
- Ta and Nb in Group 5,
- Mn in Group 7,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hg in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- As, Sb and Bi in Group 15,
- Te in Group 16,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- and
- (b) a strengthening agent comprising one or more metal halides from the group consisting of CuI.sub.x, CuBr.sub.x, CuCl.sub.x, AuI.sub.x, AuBr.sub.x and AuCl.sub.x where 0.95<X<1.05.
17 more elements
A lamp fill material comprising:
- (a) a parent metal halide from the group consisting of one or more of halides from the group consisting of:
- (i) iodides, (ii) bromides and (iii) chlorides of one or more of the following metals:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in Group 2,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Ti, Zr and Hf in Group 4,
- Ta and Nb in Group 5,
- Mn in Group 7,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hq in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- As, Sb and Bi in Group 15,
- Te in Group 16,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- and
- (b) a strengthening agent comprising one or more metal halides from the group consisting of AgI.sub.x, AgBr.sub.x, AgCl.sub.x, CuI.sub.x, CuBr.sub.x, CuCl.sub.x, AuI.sub.x, AuBr.sub.x and AuCl.sub.x where 0.95<X<1.05;
- wherein said strengthening agent comprises a binary mixture.
18 more elements
A lamp fill material comprising:
- (a) a parent metal halide from the group consisting of one or more of halides from the group consisting of:
- (i) iodides, (ii) bromides and (iii) chlorides of one or more of the following metals:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in Group 2,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Ti, Zr and Hf in Group 4,
- Ta and Nb in Group 5,
- Mn in Group 7,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hq in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- As, Sb and Bi in Group 15,
- Te in Group 16,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- and
- (b) a strengthening agent comprising one or more metal halides from the group consisting of AgI.sub.x, AgBr.sub.x, AgCl.sub.x, CuI.sub.x, CuBr.sub.x, CuCl.sub.x, AuI.sub.x, AuBr.sub.x and AuCl.sub.x where 0.95<X<1.05;
- wherein said strengthening agent consists of a ternary mixture.
18 more elements
An arc tube for a metal halide lamp including an envelope containing fill material determinative of the electrical and spectral characteristics of the lamp, said material comprising a particle including first and second metal halides,
- said first metal halide having one or more halides from the group consisting of iodide and bromide, and one or more metals taken from the group consisting of silver and copper, and
- said second metal halide having one or more halides from the group consisting of iodide and bromide, and one or more metals taken from the group consisting of:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Fe in Group 8,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hg in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series;
- wherein said first metal halide is between about 0.5 and about 5.0 mole percent.
10 more elements
An arc tube for a metal halide lamp including an envelope containing fill material determinative of the electrical and spectral characteristics of the lamp, said material including first and second metal halides,
- said first metal halide having one or more halides from the group consisting of iodide and bromide, and one or more metals taken from the group consisting of copper and gold;
- and
- said second metal halide having one or more halides from the group consisting of iodide and bromide, and one or more metals taken from the group consisting of:
- Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs in Group 1,
- Sc, Y and La in Group 3,
- Co in Group 9,
- Ni in Group 10,
- Zn, Cd and Hg in Group 12,
- Al, Ga, In and Tl in Group 13,
- Sn and Pb in Group 14,
- Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu in the Lanthanide Series, and
- Th in the Actinide Series.
9 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.