Efficient process to produce oxygen

In a process for the cryogenic distillation of pressurized feed air in a distillation column system enclosed in a cold box that contains at least one distillation column wherein the boil-up at the bottom of the distillation column producing the oxygen product is provided by condensing a stream whose nitrogen concentration is equal to or greater than that in the feed air stream, the improvement comprising the steps of:

• (a) generating work energy which is at least ten percent (10%) of the overall refrigeration demand of the distillation column system by at least one of the following two methods:
• (1) work expanding a first process stream with a nitrogen content equal to or greater than that in the pressurized feed air and then condensing at least a portion of the expanded stream by latent heat exchange with at least one of the two liquids:
• (i) a liquid at an intermediate height in the distillation column producing oxygen product;
• (ii) one of the liquid feeds to this distillation column having an oxygen concentration equal to or preferably greater than the concentration of oxygen in the pressurized feed air;
• and
• (2) condensing at least a second process stream with nitrogen content equal to or greater than that in the feed air by latent heat exchange with at least a portion of an oxygen-enriched liquid stream which has oxygen concentration equal to or preferably greater than the concentration of oxygen in the pressurized feed air and which is also at a pressure greater than the pressure of the distillation column producing oxygen product, and after vaporization of at least a portion of oxygen-enriched liquid into a vapor fraction due to latent heat exchange, work expanding at least a portion of the resulting vapor stream;
• (b) work expanding a third process stream to produce additional work energy such that the total work generated along with step (a) exceeds the total refrigeration demand of the cryogenic plant and if the third process system has the same source in the process as the first process system in step (a)(1) then at least a portion of the third process stream after work expansion is not condensed against either of the two liquid streams described in step (a)(1);
• and
• (c) using the work which is generated in excess of the refrigeration need of the distillation column system to cold compress a process stream at a temperature lower than the ambient temperature.