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US 5,962,169 AGranted
Lithium ion conducting electrolytes
AssigneeArizona Board of Regents
InventorsCharles Austen Angell, Changle Liu, Kang Xu, Terje A. Skotheim
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The present invention relates generally to highly conductive alkali-metal ion non-crystalline electrolyte systems, and more particularly to novel and unique molten (liquid), rubbery, and solid electrolyte systems which are especially well suited for use with high current density electrolytic cells such as primary and secondary batteries.
Claims38
An alkali-cation conducting liquid electrolyte having a conductivity equal to or greater than about 10.sup.-4 S/cm at a temperature of 100.degree. C. or lower, said liquid electrolyte comprising:
- (i) one or more alkali-metal-ion containing salts selected from the group consisting of:
- MX, MBX.sub.4, MAlX.sub.4, MAl.sub.2 X.sub.7, MGaX.sub.4, MPX.sub.6, MAsX.sub.6, MSbX.sub.6, MFeX.sub.4, and MMoX.sub.6 ;
- wherein:
- M is an alkali metal ion;
- and,
- X is the same or different at each occurrence and is an anion selected from the group consisting of:
- F.sup.-, CN.sup.-, NCO.sup.-, SeCN.sup.-, NO.sub.2.sup.-, ClO.sub.3.sup.-, BrO.sub.4.sup.-, BrO.sub.3.sup.-, IO.sub.4.sup.-, IO.sub.3.sup.-, CF.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-, CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, p-tolyl-SO.sub.3.sup.-, CCl.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, CF.sub.2 ClCFClSO.sub.3.sup.-, ##STR3## (SO.sub.2 Cl).sub.2 N.sup.-, (SO.sub.2 F).sub.2 N.sup.-, (POCL.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.-, (POF.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.- and (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.3 C.sup.- ;
- and,
- (ii) a solvate composition of formula AR.sub.4 X.sub.2 ;
- wherein:
- A is a divalent alkaline earth metal ion;
- R is one or more solvating organic compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- 1,2-dimethoxy ethane;
- dimethyl sulfide;
- diethyl sulfide;
- acetonitrile;
- propionitrile;
- butyronitrile;
- and compounds of formula NC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CN, where n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10;
- or,
- R.sub.4, when taken together, is one or more organic compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- tetraglyme;
- pentaglyme;
- hexaglyme;
- low molecular weight polyethylene oxides;
- low molecular weight polypropylene oxides;
- 12-crown-4 ether;
- 15-crown-5 ether;
- 18-crown-6 ether;
- dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 ether;
- and,
- X is the same or different at each occurrence and is an anion selected from the group consisting of:
- F.sup.-, Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, CN.sup.-, OCN.sup.-, SCN.sup.-, SeCN.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.-, NO.sub.2.sup.-, ClO.sub.4.sup.-, ClO.sub.3.sup.-, BrO.sub.4.sup.-, BrO.sub.3.sup.-, IO.sub.4.sup.-, IO.sub.3.sup.-, CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-, CF.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-, CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, p-tolyl-SO.sub.3.sup.-, (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.-, CCl.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, CF.sub.2 ClCFClSO.sub.3.sup.-, ##STR4## N(SO.sub.2 Cl).sub.2.sup.- and fluorine-substituted analogs, and N(POCl.sub.2).sub.2.sup.- and fluorine-substituted analogs.
30 more elements
An alkali-cation conducting liquid electrolyte having a conductivity equal to or greater than about 10.sup.-4 S/cm at a temperature of 100.degree. C. or lower, said liquid electrolyte comprising:
- (i) two or more alkali-metal-ion containing salts selected from the group consisting of:
- MX, MBX.sub.4, MAlX.sub.4, MAl.sub.2 X.sub.7, MGaX.sub.4, MInX.sub.4, MPX.sub.6, MAsX.sub.6, MSbX.sub.6, MFeX.sub.4, and MMoX.sub.6 ;
- wherein:
- M is an alkali metal ion other than lithium ion;
- and,
- X is the same or different at each occurrence and is an anion selected from the group consisting of:
- Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, SCN.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.-, ClO.sub.4.sup.-, CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.- ;
- and,
- (ii) a solvate composition of formula AR.sub.4 X.sub.2 ;
- wherein:
- A is a divalent alkaline earth metal ion;
- R is one or more solvating organic compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- 1,2-dimethoxy ethane;
- dimethyl sulfide;
- diethyl sulfide;
- acetonitrile;
- propionitrile;
- butyronitrile;
- and compounds of formula NC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CN, where n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10;
- or,
- R.sub.4, when taken together, is one or more organic compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- tetraglyme;
- pentaglyme;
- hexaglyme;
- low molecular weight polyethylene oxides;
- low molecular weight polypropylene oxides;
- 12-crown-4 ether;
- 15-crown-5 ether;
- 18-crown-6 ether;
- dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 ether;
- and,
- X is the same or different at each occurrence and is an anion selected from the group consisting of:
- F.sup.-, Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, CN.sup.-, OCN.sup.-, SCN.sup.-, SeCN.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.-, NO.sub.2.sup.-, ClO.sub.4.sup.-, ClO.sub.3.sup.-, BrO.sub.4.sup.-, BrO.sub.3.sup.-, IO.sub.4.sup.-, IO.sub.3.sup.-, CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-, CF.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-, CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, p-tolyl-SO.sub.3.sup.-, (CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.-, CCl.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, CF.sub.2 ClCFClSO.sub.3.sup.-, ##STR5## N(SO.sub.2 Cl).sub.2.sup.- and fluorine-substituted analogs, and N(POCl.sub.2).sub.2.sup.- and fluorine-substituted analogs.
30 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.