Methods of fabricating branched electrially conductive polymers and precursors thereof
AssigneeInternational Business Machines Corporation
InventorsMarie Angelopoulos, Yun-Hsin Liao
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to a method for fabricating a polymer selected from a precursor to an electrically conductive polymer and an electrically conductive polymer. The polymer has a branched structure. According to the present invention the branched polymer is formed from polymerization of monomers of which at least one monomer has more than one polymerizable site. One of the polymerizable monomers or units can have structural formula X--(M).sub.n where X is a base element of the unit, M is the polymerization functional site, and n is the number of M sites; n>1. The polymer can be formed from more than one polymerizable unit having different base elements, polymerization functional sites and different values of n.
Claims37
A method comprising:
- providing units which when polymerized form a polymer selected from the group consisting of a precursor to an electrically conductive polymer and an electrically conductive polymer;
- a portion of said units are multifunctional;
- chemically polymerizing said units to said polymer having a branched structure;
- said electrically conductive polymer is a doped form of said precursor, said electrically conductive polymer being characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage of said multifunctional units, said relationship exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to leveling of said electrical conductivity, wherein the percent of multifunctional units utilized in said method is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched structure is controlled.
A method according to claims wherein a remaining portion of said units include monofunctional units having structural formula X--M wherein M is a polymerization functional site and X is a base unit.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing monofunctional and multifunctional polymerzation units to form a polymer selected from the group consisting of a branched polyaniline and a branched electrically conductive polyaniline, said electrically conductive polyaniline is a doped form of said polyaniline, said electrically conductive polyaniline being characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage of said multifunctional units, said relationship exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to leveling off of said electrical conductivity, said percent of multifunctional units utilized in said method is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising:
- chemically polymerizing aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine using ammonium peroxy disulfate in aqueous hydrochloric acid to form a branched polyaniline;
- said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to a leveling off of said electrical conductivity;
- said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method which is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising polymerizing 1,3 phenylene diamine using ammonium peroxy disulfate in aqueous hydrochloric acid to form a branched polyaniline, said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to a leveling off of said electrical conductivity;
- said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method which is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine to a branched polyaniline, said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and said 1,3-phenylene diamine, said relationship exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to a leveling off of said electrical conductivity, said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method which is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing 1,3 phenylene diamine to a branched polyaniline, said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to a leveling off of said electrical conductivity;
- said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method which is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising:
- providing a plurality of substituted or unsubstituted aniline units which when polymerized form a polymer selected from the group consisting of a precursor to an electrically conductive polymer and an electrically conductive polymer;
- a portion of said plurality of units are multifunctional;
- said multifunctional units have more than one polymerization functional sites through which said plurality of units are polymerized;
- chemically polymerizing said units to said polymer having a branched structure, said electrically conductive polymer is a doped form of said precursor, said electrically conductive polymer being characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus said percentage of said multifunctional units, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a first value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity and a rapid and distinct change in slope at a second value of said percent corresponding to leveling off of said electrical conductivity, the percent of multifunctional units utilized in said method is less than about said second value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched structure is controlled.
A method comprising:
- providing units which when polymerized form a polymer selected from the group consisting of a precursor to an electrically conductive polymer and an electrically conductive polymer;
- a portion of said units are multifunctional;
- chemically polymerizing said units to said polymer having a branched structure;
- said electrically conductive polymer is a doped form of said precursor, said electrically conductive polymer being characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage of said multifunctional units, said relationship exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity;
- said percent utilized in said method is less than about said value corresponding to leveling of electrical conductivity whereby the degree of branching of said branched structure is controlled.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing monofunctional and multifunctional polymerzation units to form a polymer selected from the group consisting of a branched polyaniline and a branched electrically conductive polyaniline, said electrically conductive polyaniline is a doped form of said polyaniline, said electrically conductive polyaniline being characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage of said multifunctional units, said relationship exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity, wherein said percent of multifunctional units utilized in said method is less than about said value whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising:
- chemically polymerizing aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine using ammonium peroxy disulfate in aqueous hydrochloric acid to form a branched polyaniline;
- said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity, said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method which is less than about said value whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing 1,3 phenylene diamine using ammonium peroxy disulfate in aqueous hydrochloric acid to form a branched polyaniline, said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity, said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method is less than about said value whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine by electrochemical oxidation to a branched polyaniline, said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and said 1,3-phenylene diamine, said relationship exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity, said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method is less than about said value whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising chemically polymerizing 1,3 phenylene diamine by electrochemical oxidation to a branched polyaniline, said branched polyaniline when doped forms an electrically conductive polyaniline which is characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus a percentage which said 1,3-phenylene diamine is of the combination of said aniline and 1,3-phenylene diamine, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity, said 1,3-phenylene diamine is at a value of said percent utilized in said method is less than about said value whereby the degree of branching of said branched polyaniline is controlled.
A method comprising:
- providing a plurality of substituted or unsubstituted aniline units which when polymerized form a polymer selected from the group consisting of a precursor to an electrically conductive polymer and an electrically conductive polymer;
- a portion of said plurality of units are multifunctional;
- said multifunctional units have more than one polymerization functional sites through which said plurality of units are polymerized;
- chemically polymerizing said units to said polymer having a branched structure, said electrically conductive polymer is a doped form of said precursor, said electrically conductive polymer being characterized by a relationship of electrical conductivity versus said percentage of said multifunctional units, said characteristic exhibits a rapid and distinct change in slope of said relationship at a value of said percent corresponding to a decrease in electrical conductivity, wherein the percent utilized in said method is less than about said value whereby the degree of branching of said branched structure is controlled.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.