Abrasive article comprising an antiloading component

A method of abrading a workpiece comprising the steps of:

• (a) contacting a workpiece with a peripheral portion of an abrasive article said abrasive article comprising:
• (1) a backing having a major surface;
• (2) a plurality of abrasive particles;
• (3) a binder which adheres the plurality of abrasive particles to the major surface of the backing;
• and
• (4) an antiloading component of any of formulas I to V or mixtures thereof:
• ##STR21## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently OH, OR, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that if either or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• R is an alkyl;
• X is O, S, NH, or a divalent aliphatic (including linear, branched, and cycloaliphatic) or aromatic linking group having 20 atoms or less and containing carbon and, optionally, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur in the aliphatic or aromatic group or as a substituent to the aliphatic or aromatic group;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group, which may be saturated or unsaturated or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m and m is 4 to 50, wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to 1/2 a total number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group or the hydrocarbon;
• ##STR22## wherein R.sup.3 is OH;
• q is 0 or 1;
• Z.sup.- is a monovalent anion;
• r is 0 or 1, with the proviso that if q is 0 then r is 0, and if q is 1 then r is 1 and N carries a positive charge;
• R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently are H or an alkyl group;
• A is a divalent aliphatic (including linear, branched, and cycloaliphatic) or aromatic linking group having 20 atoms or less and containing carbon and, optionally, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur in the aliphatic or aromatic group or as a substituent to the aliphatic or aromatic group, with the proviso that the linking group is connected by a carbon atom to N of formula II;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group, which may be saturated or unsaturated or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m and m is 4 to 50, wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to 1/2 a total number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group or the hydrocarbon;
• ##STR23## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are O.sup.-, OH, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH simultaneously or OR simultaneously, and one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH when the other of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is OR, and with the proviso that if only one of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then a cation M.sup.+ is present and with the proviso that if both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are O.sup.- then two monovalent cations M.sup.+ or a divalent cation V.sup.2+ is present;
• wherein M.sup.+ is independently Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, or Cs.sup.+ ;
• and V.sup.2+ is Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ti.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ag.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Pd.sup.2+, or Zr.sup.2+ ;
• R is an alkyl group;
• X is O, S, NH, or a divalent aliphatic (including linear, branched, and cycloaliphatic) or aromatic linking group having 20 atoms or less and containing carbon and, optionally, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur in the aliphatic or aromatic group or as a substituent to the aliphatic or aromatic group;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group, which may be saturated or unsaturated or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m and m is 4 to 50, wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to 1/2 a total number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group or the hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if either R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then
• (i) the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not O.sup.- or OH, or
• (ii) if the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- or OH, and if X is O, X is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic linking group, or p is 0, then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR24## wherein R.sup.8 is OH, OR, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR, N(R).sub.2, N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, or ##STR25## wherein when R.sup.8 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• R is an alkyl group;
• J is O, NH, or a divalent aliphatic (including linear, branched, and cycloaliphatic) or aromatic linking group having 20 atoms or less and containing carbon and, optionally, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur in the aliphatic or aromatic group or as a substituent to the aliphatic or aromatic group;
• v is 0 or 1;
• y is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group, which may be saturated or unsaturated or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m and m is 4 to 50, wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to 1/2 a total number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group or the hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if R.sup.8 is OH, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR or NR.sub.2 then
• W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• or
• v is 1 and J is OH or NH;
• W-(A).sub.t -D V
• wherein D is a monovalent radical including any of:
• ##STR26## R.sup.12 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms,
• R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 independently are hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aliphatic group, which is substituted or unsubstituted, wherein the aliphatic group has 20 atoms or less and contains carbon and, optionally, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur in the aliphatic group or as a substituent to the aliphatic group;
• R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 independently are hydrogen or an alkyl group;
• R.sup.17 is hydrogen or an alkyl group which may be saturated or unsaturated;
• R.sup.18 is hydrogen or C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 1 to 8;
• E is independently COOH or COO.sup.-, wherein when one or two COO- groups are present, a cation is present;
• Q is O or NH;
• R is an alkyl group;
• y is 1 to 3;
• f is 1 or 2;
• g is 1 to 6;
• k is 0 or 1;
• A is a divalent aliphatic (including linear, branched, and cycloaliphatic) or aromatic linking group having 20 atoms or less and containing carbon and, optionally, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur in the aliphatic or aromatic group or as a substituent to the aliphatic or aromatic group, with the proviso that if D is OH, N.dbd.C.dbd.O, or NHC(O)NH.sub.2, then the atom of A closest to D is a carbon atom;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group, which may be saturated or unsaturated or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m and m is 4 to 50, wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to 1/2 a total number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group or the hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if D is --CO.sub.2 H, --NR.sup.12 C(O)NR.sup.13 R.sup.14, --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16, or --NHC(O)OR.sup.17 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• and
• (b) moving said abrasive article and the workpiece surface relative to each other.

A method of making an abrasive article comprising the steps of:

• (a) applying a make coat binder precursor to at least one major surface of a backing;
• (b) embedding a plurality of abrasive particles into the make coat binder precursor;
• (c) at least partially curing or solidifying the make coat binder precursor to form a make coat;
• (d) applying a size coat binder precursor composition over the make coat and the plurality of abrasive particles, said size coat binder precursor composition comprising a radiation curable size coat binder precursor, a heat curable binder precursor, and an antiloading component of any of formulas I to V or mixtures thereof:
• ##STR31## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently OH, OR, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that if either or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR32## wherein R.sup.3 is OH;
• q is 0 or 1;
• Z.sup.- is a monovalent anion;
• r is 0 or 1, with the proviso that if q is 0 r is 0, and if q is 1 then r is 1 and N carries a positive charge;
• R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently are H or an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 1 to 10;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR33## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are O.sup.-, OH, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH simultaneously or OR simultaneously, and one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH when the other of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is OR, and with the proviso that if only one of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then a cation M.sup.+ is present and with the proviso that if both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are O.sup.- then two monovalent cations M.sup.+ or a divalent cation V.sup.2+ is present;
• wherein M.sup.+ is independently Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, or Cs.sup.+ ;
• and V.sup.2+ is Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ti.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ag.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Pd.sup.2+ or Zr.sup.2+ ;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if either R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then
• (i) the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not O.sup.- or OH;
• or
• (ii) if the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- or OH, and if X is O or p is 0, then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR34## R.sup.8 is OH, O.sup.-, or NH.sub.2 ;
• wherein when R.sup.8 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• J is O, NH, C(50 O)CH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2, or OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• v is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1 where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if v is 0 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• W-(A).sub.t -D V
• wherein D is a monovalent radical including any of:
• --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16, --OC(O)C(CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 (OH), (--OOCCH.sub.2)(HO.sub.2 C)C(OH)(CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H);
• R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 independently are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if D is --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• (e) at least partially curing or solidifying said size coat binder precursor composition by exposure to radiation energy;
• and
• (f) at least partially curing or solidifying said size coat binder precursor composition by exposure to heat.

A method of making a nonwoven abrasive article comprising the steps of:

• (a) coating an open, lofty, fibrous nonwoven web with a slurry comprising a binder precursor, abrasive particles, and an antiloading component of any of formulas I to V or mixtures thereof:
• ##STR35## wherein R.sup.1 and R2 are independently OH, OR, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that if either or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR36## wherein R.sup.3 is OH;
• q is 0 or 1;
• Z.sup.- is a monovalent anion;
• r is 0 or 1, with the proviso that if q is 0 then r is 0, and if q is 1 then r is 1 and N carries a positive charge;
• R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently are H or an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 1 to 10;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR37## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are O.sup.-, OH, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH simultaneously or OR simultaneously, and one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH when the other of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is OR, and with the proviso that if only one of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then a cation M.sup.+ is present and with the proviso that if both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are O.sup.- then two monovalent cations M.sup.+ or a divalent cation V.sup.2+ is present;
• wherein M.sup.+ is independently Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, or Cs.sup.+ ;
• and V.sup.2+ is Ca.sup.2 +, Mg.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ti.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ag.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Pd.sup.2+, or Zr.sup.2+ ;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if either R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then
• (i) the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not O.sup.- or OH;
• or
• (ii) if the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- or OH, and if X is O or p is 0, then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR38## R.sup.8 is OH, O.sup.-, or NH.sub.2 ;
• wherein when R.sup.8 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• J is O, NH, C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2, or OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• v is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if v is 0 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• W-(A)t-D V
• wherein D is a monovalent radical including any of:
• --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16, --OC(O)C(CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 (OH), (--OOCCH.sub.2)(HO.sub.2 C)C(OH)(CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H);
• R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 independently are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if D is --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• and
• (b) subjecting the coated backing to conditions sufficient to cure or solidify the binder precursor.

A method of making a bonded abrasive article comprising the steps of:

• (a) molding a homogeneous mixture comprising a binder precursor, abrasive particles, and an antiloading component of any of formulas I to V or mixtures thereof:
• ##STR39## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently OH, OR, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that if either or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR40## wherein R.sup.3 is OH;
• q is 0 or 1;
• Z.sup.- is a monovalent anion;
• r is 0 or 1, with the proviso that if q is 0 then r is 0, and if q is 1 then r is 1 and N carries a positive charge;
• R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently are H or an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 1 to 10;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR41## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are O.sup.-, OH, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH simultaneously or OR simultaneously, and one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH when the other of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is OR, and with the proviso that if only one of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then a cation M.sup.+ is present and with the proviso that if both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are O.sup.- then two monovalent cations M.sup.+ or a divalent cation V.sup.2+ is present, wherein M.sup.+ is independently Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, or Cs.sup.+, and V.sup.2+ is Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ti.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ag.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Pd.sup.2+, or Zr.sup.2+ ;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if either R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then
• (i) the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not O.sup.- or OH;
• or
• (ii) if the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- or OH, and if X is O or p is 0, then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR42## R.sup.8 is OH, O.sup.-, or NH.sub.2 ;
• wherein when R.sup.8 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• J is O, NH, C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2,CH.sub.2, or OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• v is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is O to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if v is 0 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon,
• W-(A).sub.t -D V
• wherein D is a monovalent radical including any of:
• --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16, --OC(O)C(CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 (OH), (--OOCCH.sub.2)(HO.sub.2 C)C(OH)(CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H);
• R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 independently are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if D is --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• to a desired shape;
• and
• (b) subjecting the molded mixture to conditions sufficient to cure or solidify the binder precursor.

A method of making a structured abrasive article comprising the steps of:

• (a) providing an abrasive slurry comprising a binder precursor and an antiloading component of any of formulas I to V or mixtures thereof:
• ##STR43## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently OH, OR, O.sup.-, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that if either or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR44## wherein R.sup.3 is OH;
• q is 0 or 1;
• Z.sup.- is a monovalent anion;
• r is 0 or 1, with the proviso that if q is 0 then r is 0, and if q is 1 then r is 1 and N carries a positive charge;
• R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently are H or an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 1 to 10;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR45## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are O.sup.-, OH, OR, NH.sub.2, NHR, or N(R).sub.2, with the proviso that both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH simultaneously or OR simultaneously, and one of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 cannot be OH when the other of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is OR, and with the proviso that if only one of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then a cation M.sup.+ is present and with the proviso that if both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are 0 then two monovalent cations M.sup.+ or a divalent cation V.sup.2+ is present;
• wherein M.sup.+ is independently Li.sup.+, K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, or Cs.sup.+ ;
• and V.sup.2+ is Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ti.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ag.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Sn.sup.2+, Pd.sup.2+, or Zr.sup.2+ ;
• R is an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• X is O or NH;
• p is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if either R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- then
• (i) the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not O.sup.- or OH;
• or
• (ii) if the other of R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is O.sup.- or OH, and if X is O or p is 0, then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• ##STR46## R.sup.8 is OH, O.sup.-, or NH.sub.2 ;
• wherein when R.sup.8 is O.sup.-, then a cation is present;
• J is O, NH, C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O, OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2,CH.sub.2, or OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• v is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if v is 0 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• W-(A).sub.t -D V
• wherein D is a monovalent radical including any of:
• --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16, --O(O)C(CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 (OH), (--OOCCH.sub.2)(HO.sub.2 C)C(OH)(CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H);
• R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 independently are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• A is C(.dbd.O), C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.2, NHC(.dbd.O), OC(.dbd.O), OCH.sub.2, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, OCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ;
• t is 0 or 1;
• and
• W is an alkyl group having a formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 12 to 30, or W is a fluorinated hydrocarbon having a formula C.sub.m H.sub.a F.sub.2m+1-a where a is 0 to 2m, and m is 6 to 30, and wherein the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon may contain oxygen atoms in a backbone of the alkyl group or the fluorinated hydrocarbon, respectively, in an amount ranging from 1 to n/2 oxygen atoms for the alkyl group or 1 to m/2 oxygen atoms for the fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• with the proviso that if D is --C(O)NR.sup.15 R.sup.16 then W is not a fluorinated hydrocarbon;
• (b) introducing the abrasive slurry onto an outer surface of a production tool wherein the production tool has a specified pattern;
• (c) introducing a backing to the outer surface of the production tool such that the slurry wets one major surface of the backing to form an intermediate article;
• (d) at least partially curing the binder precursor before the intermediate article departs from the outer surface of the production tool to form a structured abrasive article;
• and
• (e) removing the structured abrasive article from the production tool.