# US 5,946,609 A · Reduced-radiation radio signal receivers

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- Number: US 5,946,609 A
- Document ID: US5946609A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/810,382
- Filed: 1997-03-03
- Granted: 1999-08-31
- Earliest claimed: 1996-03-04
- Assignees: Atral
- Inventors: Gilles Morey
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5946609A

## CPC

- H03D 11/04: by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
- H04B 1/30: for homodyne or synchrodyne receivers (demodulator circuits H03D1/22)
- H03D: DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER (masers, lasers H01S; circuits capable of acting both as modulator and demodulator H03C; details applicable to both modulators and frequency-changers H03C; demodulating pulses H03K9/00; transforming types of pulse modulation H03K11/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M; repeater stations H04B7/14; demodulators adapted for AC systems of digital information transmission H04L27/00; synchronous demodulators adapted for colour television H04N9/66)
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

A radio receiver with isolation between an antenna and a regenerative oscillator/detector. The isolation is provided by periodically (at the receiver's quench frequency) uncoupling the antenna from the regenerative oscillator/detector. The receiver preferably includes an antenna, a super-regenerative oscillator/detector, a clock that indicates the quench frequency, a timing circuit coupled to the clock, and a switch coupled to the antenna, to the oscillator/detector, and to the timing circuit. The timing circuit specifies a first part and a second part of each clock period. During the first part of each clock period, the switch at least partially couples the antenna to the oscillator/detector on the nominal reception frequency. During the second part of each clock period, the switch at least partially uncouples these two elements on the nominal reception frequency. The timing circuit determines the first and second parts of each clock period so that the first part corresponds to a phase of sensitivity for the oscillator/detector, and so that the second part corresponds to phases in which oscillations in the oscillator/detector rise in amplitude, and/or have an increased amplitude, and/or decay in amplitude. Thus, the inadvertent emission of electromagnetic radiation from the regenerative oscillator/detector at the nominal reception frequency is attenuated or suppressed at least during the second part of each clock period.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A receiver of radio signals, comprising:
an antenna;
a super-regenerative oscillator/detector;
means for fixing periods composed of blocking/unblocking sequences of said oscillator/detector so as to render said oscillator/detector sensitive to energy received on a nominal reception frequency;
wherein said oscillator/detector exhibits, in each of said periods, a phase of sensitivity followed by a phase of amplitude rise or increased amplitude and then of decay of oscillations of said oscillator/detector;
means for fixing in each period a first part and a second part, coupled to said means for fixing periods, wherein said second part follows said first part, wherein the first part corresponds substantially to the phase of sensitivity of said oscillator/detector, and wherein the second part corresponds substantially to the phase of amplitude rise or increased amplitude and of decay of the oscillations of said oscillator/detector; and
coupling/uncoupling means linked to the antenna, to said oscillator/detector, and to said means for fixing periods, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means at least partially couple the antenna to the oscillator/detector on the nominal reception frequency during said first part of each of said periods, and wherein said coupling/uncoupling means at least partially uncouple the antenna from the oscillator/detector on the nominal reception frequency during at least said second part of each of said periods, so that the electromagnetic energy apt to be emitted by the receiver on said nominal reception frequency at least during said second part of each of said periods is attenuated or suppressed.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise:
switching and/or attenuating and/or amplifying and/or filtering means connected between said antenna and said oscillator/detector; and
means for control of said switching and/or attenuating and/or amplifying and/or filtering means so as, during each of said periods, to connect said antenna to said oscillator/detector during said first part of said periods and so as at least partially to disconnect said antenna from said oscillator/detector at least during said second part of said periods.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise means for causing the oscillator/detector to oscillate at an auxiliary frequency different from the nominal reception frequency during the second part of the periods.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The receiver as claimed in claim 3, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise a fixed filter with a passband narrower than a frequency range of the oscillator/detector, wherein the fixed filter is tuned to the nominal reception frequency of the oscillator/detector, and wherein the oscillator/detector is coupled to the antenna through the fixed filter.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise a frequency-selective antenna wherein during the first part of the periods the frequency-selective antenna is tuned to the nominal reception frequency, and wherein during the second part of the periods the filter is tuned to an auxiliary frequency different from the nominal reception frequency.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise, in respect of the signal at the nominal reception frequency and by virtue of a feedback circuit, a circuit attenuating the level of the signal received at the nominal reception frequency reaching the oscillator/detector, which can be controlled or is variable in amplitude, in frequency or temporally as a function of the amplitude of the low-frequency output signal, partially passing during the first part of the periods, thus constituting an automatic gain control.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the means for fixing in each of the periods the first part and the second part comprise a monostable whose two states respectively determine the first and second parts of each of the periods.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise:
an electronic switch mounted between said antenna and said oscillator/detector;
means for closing said switch solely during said first part of said periods; and
means for disconnecting said antenna or for connecting said antenna to ground at least during said second part of said periods.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise:
attenuating means mounted between said antenna and said oscillator/detector; and
means for control of said attenuating means so as, during each of said periods, to connect said antenna to said oscillator/detector during said first part of said periods and to reduce the amplitude of the signals radiated by the antenna at least during the second part of said periods.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise a filter mounted between said antenna and said oscillator/detector, said filter being tuned for substantially minimum loss or attenuation on said nominal reception frequency during said first part of said periods and comprising means so as to be tuned to an auxiliary frequency different from said nominal reception frequency during said second part of said periods and to exhibit the maximum of loss or attenuation on said nominal reception frequency during said second part.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The receiver as claimed in claim 10, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise a tunable filter circuit comprising in parallel a self-inductance, two variable-capacitance diodes in opposition and in series, and a capacitance, the self-inductance being linked to the antenna, the point of linkage between said diodes being linked to the means fixing said first and second parts, one of the ends of said tunable filter circuit being linked to ground and the other end of said tunable filter circuit being linked to the input of the oscillator/detector.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The receiver as claimed in claim 10, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise means for causing the oscillator/detector to oscillate at an auxiliary frequency different from the nominal reception frequency during the second part of the periods.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The receiver as claimed in claim 12, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise a fixed filter with a passband narrower than a frequency range of the oscillator/detector, wherein the fixed filter is tuned to the nominal reception frequency of the oscillator/detector, and wherein the oscillator/detector is coupled to the antenna through the fixed filter.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise:
amplifying means connected between the antenna and the oscillator/detector; and
means of control so as, during solely the first part of said sequences, to cause said amplifying means to amplify the signal picked up by the antenna and to deliver the amplified signal to the oscillator/detector and so as, during the second part of said periods, to disconnect said amplifying means.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise means for causing said oscillator/detector to oscillate at an auxiliary frequency different from said nominal reception frequency during said second part of said periods.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The receiver as claimed in claim 15, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise a fixed filter with a passband narrower than a frequency range of said oscillator/detector, wherein said fixed filter is tuned to the nominal reception frequency of said oscillator/detector, and wherein said oscillator/detector is coupled to said antenna through said fixed filter.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The receiver as claimed in claim 16, wherein the fixed filter is a quartz filter.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The receiver as claimed in claim 15, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise a frequency-selective antenna wherein during the first part of the periods the frequency-selective antenna is tuned to the nominal reception frequency, and wherein during the second part of the periods the filter is tuned to an auxiliary frequency different from the nominal reception frequency.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The receiver as claimed in claim 15, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise, in respect of the signal at the nominal reception frequency and by virtue of a feedback circuit, a circuit attenuating the level of the signal received at the nominal reception frequency reaching the oscillator/detector, which can be controlled or is variable in amplitude, in frequency or temporally as a function of the amplitude of the low-frequency output signal, partially passing during the first part of the periods, thus constituting an automatic gain control.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The receiver as claimed in claim 15, wherein the means for fixing in each of the periods the first part and the second part comprise a monostable whose two states respectively determine the first and second parts of each of the periods.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise a frequency-selective antenna wherein during said first part of said periods said frequency-selective antenna is tuned to said nominal reception frequency, and wherein during said second part of said periods said filter is tuned to an auxiliary frequency different from said nominal reception frequency.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The receiver as claimed in claim 21, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise, in respect of the signal at the nominal reception frequency and by virtue of a feedback circuit, a circuit attenuating the level of the signal received at the nominal reception frequency reaching the oscillator/detector, which can be controlled or is variable in amplitude, in frequency or temporally as a function of the amplitude of the low-frequency output signal, partially passing during the first part of the periods, thus constituting an automatic gain control.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The receiver as claimed in claim 21, wherein the means for fixing in each of the periods the first part and the second part comprise a monostable whose two states respectively determine the first and second parts of each of the periods.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling/uncoupling means comprise, in respect of the signal at the nominal reception frequency and by virtue of a feedback circuit, a circuit attenuating the level of the signal received at the nominal reception frequency reaching the oscillator/detector, which can be controlled or is variable in amplitude, in frequency or temporally as a function of the amplitude of the low-frequency output signal, partially passing during said first part of said periods, thus constituting an automatic gain control.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The receiver as claimed in claim 24, wherein the means for fixing in each of the periods the first part and the second part comprise a monostable whose two states respectively determine the first and second parts of each of the periods.

### Claim 26 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for fixing in each of said periods said first part and said second part comprise a monostable whose two states respectively determine the first and second parts of each of said periods.

### Claim 27 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for fixing periods is a clock.

### Claim 28 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for fixing in each period the first part and the second part is a timing circuit.

### Claim 29 (depends on 1)

The receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coupling/uncoupling means comprise a filter that couples the antenna to the oscillator/detector, wherein during the first part of the periods the filter is tuned for substantially minimum attenuation at the nominal reception frequency, and wherein during the second part of the periods the filter is tuned for substantially maximum attenuation at the nominal reception frequency.

### Claim 30

A radio receiver, comprising:
an antenna;
a regenerative oscillator;
a clock that indicates a sequence of periods, wherein each period comprises a blocking sequence and an unblocking sequence;
wherein the oscillator is coupled to the clock and configured so that oscillations in the oscillator are blocked during blocking sequences and so that oscillations in the oscillator are unblocked during unblocking sequences;
wherein the oscillator exhibits, in each of the periods, a phase of sensitivity and a phase of feedback;
a timing circuit coupled to the clock, wherein in each of the periods the timing circuit indicates a first part and a second part, wherein the timing circuit is configured so that the first part of each of the periods corresponds substantially to the phase of sensitivity of the oscillator, and wherein the second part of each of the periods corresponds substantially to the phase of feedback of the oscillator; and
a controllable coupler coupled to the antenna, to the oscillator, and to the timing circuit, wherein the controllable coupler couples the antenna to the oscillator on a reception frequency during the first part of each of the periods, and wherein the controllable coupler at least partially uncouples the antenna from the oscillator on the reception frequency during at least the second part of each of the periods.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
a switch coupled to the antenna, to the oscillator, and to the timing circuit, and wherein the switch is configured to disconnect the antenna from the oscillator during the second part of each of the periods.

### Claim 32 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
an amplifier coupled to the antenna, to the oscillator, and to the timing circuit, wherein the amplifier is configured to provide a received signal on the reception frequency from the antenna to the oscillator during the first part of each of the periods, and wherein the amplifier is configured to disconnect the antenna on the reception frequency from the oscillator during the second part of each of the periods.

### Claim 33 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
a filter coupled to the antenna, the oscillator, and the timing circuit, wherein the antenna is coupled to the oscillator through the filter, wherein the filter is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator with a relatively small attenuation on the reception frequency during the first part of each of the periods, and wherein the filter is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator with a relatively large attenuation on the reception frequency during the second part of each of the periods.

### Claim 34 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
a tunable filter coupled to the antenna, the oscillator, and the timing circuit, wherein the antenna is coupled to the oscillator through the tunable filter, wherein the tunable filter is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator on the reception frequency during the first part of each of the periods, and wherein the tunable filter is configured to tune to a different auxiliary frequency during the second part of each of the periods, thereby uncoupling the antenna from the oscillator on the reception frequency during the second part of each of the periods.

### Claim 35 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
means for causing the oscillator to oscillate at an auxiliary frequency different from the reception frequency during the second part of the periods.

### Claim 36 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
means for causing the oscillator to oscillate at an auxiliary frequency different from the reception frequency during the second part of the periods; and
a fixed filter with a passband narrower than a frequency range of the oscillator, wherein the oscillator is coupled to the antenna through the fixed filter, and wherein the fixed filter is tuned to the reception frequency.

### Claim 37 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the antenna is a tunable frequency-selective antenna, and wherein the controllable coupler comprises:
means for adjusting the tunable frequency-selective antenna so that the tunable frequency-selective antenna is tuned to the reception frequency during the first part of each of the periods, and so that the tunable frequency-selective antenna is tuned to a different auxiliary frequency during the second part of each of the periods.

### Claim 38 (depends on 30)

The radio receiver of claim 30, wherein the phase of feedback is characterized by one or more of: a rise in amplitude of oscillations in the oscillator, increased amplitude of oscillations in the oscillator, and decay of oscillations in the oscillator.

### Claim 39

In a radio receiver, a method for reducing re-emissions through a receiving antenna from a regenerative oscillator, the method comprising:
during a first part of each quench period of the oscillator, coupling the antenna to the oscillator, wherein the first part of each quench period is characterized by sensitivity of the oscillator to signals received by the antenna;
during a second part of each quench period of the oscillator, uncoupling the antenna from the oscillator, wherein the second part of each quench period is characterized by decay of oscillations in the oscillator and by one or more of: (i) a rise in amplitude of oscillations in the oscillator and (ii) increased amplitude of oscillations in the oscillator.

### Claim 40 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the first part of each quench period of the oscillator occurs during a sequence wherein the oscillator is unblocked from oscillating.

### Claim 41 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the second part of each quench period of the oscillator includes a sequence wherein the oscillator is blocked from oscillating.

### Claim 42 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by a controllable coupler, wherein the controllable coupler is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator during the first part of each quench period of the oscillator, and wherein the controllable coupler is configured to uncouple the antenna from the oscillator during the second part of each quench period of the oscillator.

### Claim 43 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by a switch, wherein the switch is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator during the first part of each quench period of the oscillator, and wherein the switch is configured to uncouple the antenna from the oscillator during the second part of each quench period of the oscillator.

### Claim 44 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by an amplifier, wherein the amplifier is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator during the first part of each quench period of the oscillator, and wherein the amplifier is configured to uncouple the antenna from the oscillator during the second part of each quench period of the oscillator.

### Claim 45 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by a filter, wherein the filter is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator during the first part of each quench period of the oscillator, and wherein the filter is configured to uncouple the antenna from the oscillator during the second part of each quench period of the oscillator.

### Claim 46 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by a tunable filter, wherein the tunable filter is configured to couple the antenna to the oscillator at a receive frequency for the radio receiver during the first part of each quench period of the oscillator, and wherein the tunable filter is configured to tune to an auxiliary frequency different from the receive frequency during the second part of each quench period of the oscillator.

### Claim 47 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the oscillator is a tunable oscillator, wherein said coupling the oscillator to the antenna comprises tuning the oscillator to a receive frequency for the radio receiver, and wherein said uncoupling the oscillator from the antenna comprises tuning the oscillator to an auxiliary frequency different from the receive frequency.

### Claim 48 (depends on 47)

The method of claim 47, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by a fixed passband filter tuned to the receive frequency.

### Claim 49 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39, wherein the antenna is a tunable antenna, wherein said coupling the oscillator to the antenna comprises tuning the antenna to a receive frequency for the radio receiver, and wherein said uncoupling the oscillator from the antenna comprises tuning the antenna to an auxiliary frequency different from the receive frequency.

### Claim 50 (depends on 49)

The method of claim 49, wherein the antenna and the oscillator are coupled by a fixed passband filter tuned to the receive frequency.