Graded metal hardware component for an electrochemical cell

A graded metal hardware component for mechanically supporting electrochemical cell structures and for defining fluid cavities and fluid passages within the cell, comprising:

• a. a substrate;
• b. a surface layer being a metal more noble than mercury having an exterior surface exposed to fluids passing through and undergoing electrolytic processing in the fluid cavities and passages within the electrochemical cell;
• and,
• c. a graded boundary layer adjacent to, between and in contact with the substrate and surface layer, the graded boundary layer being an interdiffusion of the substrate and surface layer wherein the graded boundary layer is between 0.5 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % of the material making up the substrate and between 99.5 wt. % to 95.0 wt. % of the material making up the surface layer and the graded boundary layer has a thickness of between 10% to 90% of a shortest distance between the substrate and the exterior surface of the surface layer so that the graded boundary layer contacts the substrate but does not contact the exterior surface of the surface layer and the material making up the substrate does not contact the fluids passing through the fluid cavities and passages within the electrochemical cell.