A method of performing high-efficiency machining by high-density radical reaction using a rotating electrode, in which an endless machining electrode and a workpiece are disposed in a gas atmosphere wherein an inactive gas is mixed with a reactive gas selected in accordance with a material of the workpiece, the machining electrode is rotated at a high speed while maintaining a machining gap between said machining electrode and the machining progress portion of the workpiece, to move the surface of said machining electrode with respect to the machining progress portion at a high speed and to catch the gas by the surface of the machining electrode, thereby forming a gas flow which is transverse to said machining gap, and a high-frequency voltage is applied to the machining electrode to generate plasma in the machining gap, neutral radicals are generated on the basis of the reactive gas, a volatile material produced by the radical reaction of said neutral radicals with atoms or molecules which constitute the machining progress portion of the workpiece is gasified and removed, and the machining electrode and the workpiece are moved relatively to progress machining.