Electromagnetic transmission line elements having a boundary between materials of high and low dielectric constants

An electromagnetic wave propagation structure comprising:

• a first element of dielectric material and a second element of dielectric material, the material of one of said first and said second elements having a high dielectric constant, the material of the other one of said first and said second elements having a relatively low dielectric constant, the ratio of the high dielectric constant to the low dielectric constant being greater than approximately 40;
• wherein said first element has a surface which is contiguous with a surface of said second element at an interface constituting a waveguide wall extending along a direction of electromagnetic propagation, said waveguide wall being part of a waveguide;
• said interface is configured as a closed path in a cross sectional orientation of said waveguide:
• wherein said direction of propagation coincides with an axis of said waveguide, said first element serves as a core of said waveguide, said core being enclosed by said interface and extending in a longitudinal direction along said axis, said core extending transversely from said axis to said interface;
• said high dielectric constant is in excess of approximately 80, and said low dielectric constant is less than approximately 2;
• and
• said second element serves as a cladding of said waveguide, said cladding encircling said core to provide the support for the core and being contiguous with said core at said interface;
• and
• said core comprises the low dielectric-constant material and said cladding comprises the high dielectric-constant material.

An electromagnetic wave propagation structure comprising:

• a first element of dielectric material and a second element of dielectric material, the material of one of said first and said second elements having a high dielectric constant, the material of the other one of said first and said second elements having a relatively low dielectric constant, the ratio of the high dielectric constant to the low dielectric constant being greater than approximately 40;
• wherein said first element has a surface which is contiguous with a surface of said second element at an interface constituting a waveguide wall extending along a direction of electromagnetic propagation, said waveguide wall being part of a waveguide;
• said interface is configured as a closed path in a cross sectional orientation of said waveguide;
• said direction of propagation coincides with an axis of said waveguide, said first element serves as a core of said waveguide, said core being enclosed by said interface and extending in a longitudinal direction along said axis, said core extending transversely from said axis to said interface for propagation of the electromagnetic wave through said core;
• said second element serves as a cladding of said waveguide, said cladding encircling said core to provide the support for the core and being contiguous said core at said interface;
• and
• said core comprises the low dielectric-constant material and said cladding comprises the high dielectric-constant material.