Recombinant plant viral nucleic acids

A recombinant plant viral nucleic acid derived from a plus-sense RNA plant virus comprising:

• a first plus-sense RNA plant viral subgenomic promoter that is native to the virus and operably joined to a first nucleic acid expression sequence;
• and
• a second plus-sense RNA plant viral subgenomic promoter that is non-native to the virus and operably joined to a second nucleic acid expression sequence;
• wherein the first and second plant viral subgenomic promoters are incapable of recombination with one another;
• wherein either the first or the second nucleic acid expression sequence is a plant viral coat protein coding sequence;
• wherein either the first or the second nucleic acid expression sequence is a sequence non-native to the virus;
• and wherein said recombinant plant viral nucleic acid is capable of systemic infection in a host plant.

A recombinant plant viral genome derived from a plus-sense RNA plant viral genome comprising:

• a first nucleic acid sequence comprising a first subgenomic promoter from a plus-sense RNA plant virus,
• a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a viral coat protein whose transcription is regulated by the first nucleic acid sequence,
• a third nucleic acid sequence comprising a second subgenomic promoter from a plus-sense RNA plant virus,
• a fourth nucleic acid sequence whose transcription is regulated by the third nucleic acid sequence,
• wherein the first and third nucleic acid sequences possess different nucleic acid sequences relative to each other, and
• wherein the recombinant plant viral genome systemically transcribes the fourth nucleic acid in a host.

A recombinant plant viral genome derived from a plus-sense RNA plant viral genome comprising:

• a first plus-sense RNA plant viral subgenomic promoter,
• a viral coat protein nucleic acid coding sequence whose transcription is regulated by the first plant viral subgenomic promoter,
• a second plus-sense RNA plant viral subgenomic promoter,
• a nucleic acid sequence whose transcription is regulated by the second subgenomic promoter,
• wherein the first and second subgenomic promoters possess different nucleic acid sequences relative to each other, and
• wherein the recombinant plant viral genome systemically transcribes the nucleic acid sequence regulated by the second subgenomic promoter in a host.