Toner processes

A process for the preparation of toner

• (i) providing an initial liquid composition comprising water, from about 10 to about 95 percent by weight, and diphenyloxide disulfonate, from about 50 to about 95 percent by weight;
• (ii) conducting a pre-reaction monomer emulsification which comprises emulsification of the polymerization reagents of monomer, chain transfer agent, said composition of (i), and an optional initiator, and wherein said emulsification is accomplished at a low temperature, from about 5 C. to about 40 C.;
• (iii) preparing a seed particle latex by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture comprised of part of said monomer emulsion of (ii), from about 0.5 to about 50 percent by weight, and an free radical initiator, from about 0.5 to about 100 percent by weight, at a temperature of from about 35 C. to about 125 C., wherein the reaction of the free radical initiator and monomer produces a seed resin latex;
• (iv) heating and feed adding to the seed particles the remaining monomer emulsion of (ii), from about 50 to about 99.5 percent by weight, and an optional free radical initiator, from about 0 to about 99.5 percent by weight, at a temperature of from about 35 C. to about 125 C.;
• and
• (v) retaining the above contents in the reactor at the temperature of from about 35 C. to about 125 C., followed by cooling;
• (vi) aggregating a colorant dispersion with the contents of (v);
• (vii) coalescing or fusing the aggregates generated;
• and optionally
• (viii) isolating, washing, and drying the toner.