A reinforced resin composition which comprises a composite particulate material for resin reinforcement (C) and a thermoplastic resin (D), said composite particulate material (C) which comprises an inorganic particulate material (A) and an elastic polymer (B) having a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or below and also having functional groups which form chemical bonds with resins to be reinforced, said components (A) and (B) accounting for 50-99 wt % and 50-1 wt %, respectively, of their total amount wherein the composite particulate material is obtained by polymerizing a monomer as a raw material of the elastic polymer (B) in the presence of the inorganic particulate material (A).