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US 5,843,763 AGranted
Dehalogenation of organohalogen-containing compounds
AssigneeHercules Incorporated
InventorsAlan Bull, David J. Hardman, Brian M. Stubbs, Paul J. Sallis
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Abstract
Enzymatic dehalogenation of undesirable nitrogen-free organohalogen compounds is carried out by adding a dehalogenase to an aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer. The enzymatic dehalogenation of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound is achieved without any substantial effect upon the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound. The dehalogenation method may be carried out via continuous, batch, or semi-continuous processes.
Claims84
A method for treating an aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, to reduce the level of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound, comprising:
- A. adding an enzyme to the aqueous composition, the enzyme being capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer substantially intact;
- and
- B. dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound, to reduce the level of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound in the aqueous composition while leaving the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer substantially intact.
A continuous method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. continuously feeding a stream of an aqueous composition to a reactor, the aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer in an amount from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, the reactor containing an enzyme capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the polymer substantially intact;
- B. continuously contacting the stream of the aqueous composition with the enzyme for a contact time so that at least a portion of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound is dehalogenated while leaving the polymer substantially intact, whereby a treated product is produced;
- and
- C. continuously removing the treated product from the reactor.
1 more element
A batchwise method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. adding a batch of an aqueous composition to a reactor, the aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, the reactor containing an enzyme capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the nitrogen-containing polymer substantially intact;
- B. contacting the aqueous mixture with the enzyme for a contact time so that the enzyme dehalogenates the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the nitrogen-containing polymer substantially intact, so that a batch of treated product is produced;
- and
- C. removing the batch of treated product from the reactor.
1 more element
A semi-continuous method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. continuously feeding a stream of an aqueous composition to a reactor, the aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, the reactor containing an enzyme capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the polymer substantially intact;
- B. continuously contacting the stream of the aqueous composition with the enzyme for a contact time of from about 2 to 56 hours, whereby a treated product is produced;
- C. partially draining down the reactor;
- D. discontinuing the step of removing the treated product from the reactor, while continuing the feeding of the aqueous composition to the reactor at the same or a reduced rate as during the period of continuous operation;
- and thereafter;
- E. resuming the step of removing the treated product from the reactor, after a period of discontinuous operation.
3 more elements
A semi-continuous method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. continuously feeding a stream of an aqueous composition to a reactor during a period of continuous operation, the aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, the reactor containing an enzyme capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the polymer substantially intact;
- B. continuously contacting the stream of the aqueous composition with the enzyme for a contact time of from about 2 to 56 hours, whereby a treated product is produced;
- C. continuously removing the treated product from the reactor;
- and
- D. periodically discontinuing both:
- i. feeding the stream of the aqueous composition into the reactor, and
- ii. removing the treated product from the reactor;
- and thereafter
- E. periodically resuming both the feeding of the stream of the aqueous composition to the reactor, as well as the removing of the treated product from the reactor.
6 more elements
A method for treating an aqueous composition comprising a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound and a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer, to reduce a level of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound, comprising:
- A. adding a culture of a microorganism to the aqueous composition, the microorganism comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of Coryneform organism 1, Arthrobacter histidinolovorens, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the microorganism being capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer intact;
- and
- B. dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound with the culture under suitable conditions, to provide a composition containing a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer having a reduced level of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound;
- the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol, the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamide wet strength resin and a polyaminoamide resin, and the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer being present in the aqueous composition in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition.
1 more element
A continuous method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. continuously feeding a stream of an aqueous composition to a reactor, the aqueous composition comprising:
- a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol,
- a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamide wet strength resin and a polyaminoamide resin, the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer being present in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, and
- a culture of a microorganism comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of Coryneform organism 1, Arthrobacter histidinolovorans, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens;
- B. continuously dehalogenating at least a portion of the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound with the microorganism under suitable conditions while leaving the nitrogen-containing polymer substantially intact, whereby a treated product is produced;
- and
- C. continuously removing the treated product from the reactor.
4 more elements
A batchwise method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. adding a batch of an aqueous composition to a reactor, the aqueous composition comprising:
- a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamide wet strength resin and a polyaminoamide resin, the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer being present in the aqueous composition in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition,
- at least one nitrogen-free organohalogen compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol, and
- a culture of at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Coryneform organism 1, Arthrobacter histidinolovorans, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the microorganism being capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the nitrogen-containing polymer substantially intact;
- B. contacting the aqueous composition with the microorganism under suitable conditions so that the microorganism dehalogenates the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the nitrogen-containing polymer substantially intact;
- and
- C. removing the batch of treated product from the reactor.
4 more elements
A semi-continuous method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. continuously feeding a stream of an aqueous composition to a reactor, the aqueous composition comprising:
- a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol,
- a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamide wet strength resin and a polyaminoamide resin, the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer being present in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, and
- a culture of at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Coryneform organism 1, Arthrobacter histidinolovorens, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the microorganism being capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the polymer substantially intact;
- B. continuously contacting the aqueous composition with the microorganism in the reactor for a contact time of from about 2 to 56 hours under suitable conditions, whereby a treated product is produced;
- C. removing from the reactor a portion of the treated product, by partially draining down the reactor;
- D. discontinuing the step of removing the treated product from the reactor, while continuing the feeding of the aqueous composition to the reactor at the same, or at a reduced rate as during the period of continuous operation;
- and
- E. resuming the step of removing the treated product from the reactor, after a period of discontinuous operation.
6 more elements
A semi-continuous method for treating an aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. continuously feeding a stream of an aqueous composition to a reactor during a period of continuous operation, the aqueous composition comprising:
- a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol,
- a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamide wet strength resin and a polyaminoamide resin, the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer being present in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition, and
- a culture of at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Coryneform organism 1, Arthrobacter histidinolovorens, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the microorganism being capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound while leaving the polymer substantially intact;
- B. continuously contacting the stream of the aqueous composition with the microorganism for a contact time of from about 2 to 56 hours under suitable conditions, whereby a treated product is produced;
- C. continuously removing the treated product from the reactor;
- D. periodically discontinuing both:
- feeding the stream of the aqueous composition to the reactor, and removing the treated product from the reactor;
- and thereafter
- E. periodically resuming both the feeding of the stream of the aqueous composition to the reactor, as well as the removing of the treated product from the reactor.
7 more elements
An aqueous composition in usable form, comprising:
- A. a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition;
- B. a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound;
- and
- C. an enzyme capable of dehalogenating the nitrogen-free organohalogen compound, while leaving the polymer substantially intact.
1 more element
An aqueous composition, comprising:
- A. a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamide wet strength resin and a polyaminoamide resin, the nitrogen-containing cationic polymer being present in the aqueous composition in an amount of from about 1 to 50 weight percent, based on a total weight of the aqueous composition;
- B. a nitrogen-free organohalogen compound comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol;
- and
- C. a culture of a microorganism comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of Coryneform organism 1, Arthrobacter histidinolovorens, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
1 more element
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.