Visible spectrum modulator arrays

The device of claim 34 in which the optical portion comprises an induced absorber.

The display of claim 1, 32 or 34 further comprising an electronically active substrate.

A reflective or transmissive flat panel display comprising the device of claim 1, 32 or 34.

The device of claim 1, 32, or 34 wherein said visible spectrum includes ultraviolet wavelengths in the visible spectrum.

The device of claim 1, 32 or 34 wherein said visible spectrum includes infrared wavelengths in the visible spectrum.

The device of claim 1, 32 or 34 wherein said layers comprise a quarter wave stack.

A device for modulating light in the visible spectrum comprising

• an array of modulation elements, and
• control circuitry connected to the array for controlling the amplitude of light delivered by each of the modulation elements independently by discrete digital signals,
• each of the modulation elements having two walls that define a cavity, one of the walls being movable relative to the other through a range of positions, the walls causing the cavity to operate interferometrically in at least two of the positions, at least one of the walls serving as a mirror and having at least two layers that cooperate to cause the element to exhibit, in at least one of the two positions, a predetermined optical, response to light, each of the two layers contributing substantially to causing the element to exhibit the predetermined optical response.