Method and apparatus for automatically making keys

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising:

• means for loosely supporting the object key comprising a surface;
• a non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object key including laterally exposed key cuts, comprising means for determining the position of a longitudinal axis of the object key;
• and
• means for establishing an operative positional relationship between the longitudinal axis of the object key and the non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object key, wherein the non-contact means for extracting attributes of an object key comprises:
• a means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through a transparent section of a supporting means and project an image of an object key positioned thereon;
• a means for receiving at least one object image of an object key positioned on said transparent section and producing an output signal;
• and
• a means for identifying attributes of an object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal from the means for receiving an object image of the object key,
• whereby, a key blank and key cut codes from which the object key is made can be identified.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising:

• means for loosely supporting the object key comprising a surface;
• a means for extracting attributes of an object key;
• and
• means for establishing an operative positional relationship between the object key and the means for extracting attributes of the object key,
• wherein the means for establishing an operative positional relationship comprises:
• the means for loosely supporting the object key has a transparent section on which the object key may be placed, said means for loosely supporting the object key being rotatable;
• a means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through the transparent section of the supporting means and project an image of the object key positioned thereon;
• a means for receiving the object image of the object key and producing an output signal;
• a means for determining the position of the longitudinal axis of the object key relative to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator responsive to the output signal produced by the receiving means;
• a means for rotating the means for loosely supporting the object key;
• an object key positioning control means that is operably connected and responsive to an output signal from the means for determining the position of the object key and that is operably connected to the means for rotating the means for loosely supporting the object key,
• whereby, the longitudinal axis of an object key can be aligned perpendicular to a light stripe projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key having a longitudinal axis comprising:

• means for loosely supporting the object key consisting of a surface;
• a non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object:
• key;
• and
• means for establishing an operative positional relationship between the object key and the non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object key, wherein the non-fixturing means for establishing an operative positional relationship comprises:
• the means for loosely supporting the object key having a transparent section on which the object key may be placed,
• said means for loosely supporting the object key being rotatable;
• a means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through the transparent section of the supporting means and project an image of the object key positioned thereon;
• a means for receiving the object image of the object key and producing an output signal;
• a means for determining the position of the longitudinal axis of the object key relative to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator responsive to the output signal produced by the receiving means;
• a means for rotating the means for loosely supporting the object key;
• an object key positioning control means that is operably connected and responsive to an output signal from the means for determining the position of the object key and that is operably connected to the means for rotating the means for loosely supporting the object key,
• whereby, the longitudinal axis of an object key can be aligned perpendicular to a light stripe projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising:

• means for loosely supporting the object key comprising a surface;
• a non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object key;
• and
• means for establishing an operative positional relationship between the object key and the non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object key,
• wherein the non-contact means for extracting attributes of an object key having a longitudinal axis comprises:
• a means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through a transparent section of a supporting means and project an image of an object key positioned thereon;
• a means for receiving at least one object image of an object key positioned on said transparent section and producing an output signal;
• and
• a means for identifying attributes of an object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal from the means for receiving an object image of the object key., wherein the non-fixturing means for establishing an operative positional relationship comprises:
• the means for supporting an object key having a transparent section on which the object key may be placed being rotatable;
• a means for determining the position of the longitudinal axis of the object key relative to a light stripe which may be projected on the object key by a light stripe generator from the output signal produced by the receiving means;
• a means for rotating the means for supporting an object key;
• an object key positioning control means that is operably connected and responsive to an output signal from the means for determining the position of the object key and that is operably connected to the means for rotating the means for supporting an object key,
• whereby, the longitudinal axis of an object key can be aligned perpendicular to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising:

• a non-contact means for extracting laterally protected attributes including longitudinal grooves of an object key comprising:
• a. a light stripe generator arranged and adapted to project at least one light stripe obliquely on to the object key;
• and
• b. a means for receiving an object image is arranged and adapted to receive an image of the projected light stripe reflected from the object key,
• whereby, the laterally protected attributes including longitudinal grooves of the object key can be extracted.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising:

• means for loosely supporting the object key consisting of a surface;
• means for determining the initial relative orientation of the object key;
• a non-contact means for extracting attributes of the object key including laterally exposed key cuts,
• wherein the non-contact means for extracting attributes of an object key comprises:
• a. a light stripe generator arranged and adapted to project at least one light stripe obliquely on to the object key;
• and
• b. a means for receiving an object image is arranged and adapted to receive an image of the projected light stripe reflected from the object key,
• whereby, the laterally exposed attributes of the object key can be extracted.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising a non-contact means for extracting laterally exposed attributes of the object key having means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through a transparent section of a supporting means and project an image of the object key positioned thereon, means for receiving at least one object image of the object key positioned on said transparent section and producing an output signal, and means for identifying laterally exposed attributes of the object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key;

• wherein the means for identifying attributes of an object key comprises:
• a. a pattern recognition means for recognizing a pixel pattern from an object image of the object key, and for producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said pixel patterns defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• b. a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key, for comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal, and for producing an identifying signal,
• said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising a non-contact means for extracting laterally exposed attributes of the object key having means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through a transparent section of a supporting means and project an image of the object key positioned thereon, means for receiving at least one object image of the object key positioned on said transparent section and producing an output signal, and means for identifying laterally exposed attributes of the object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key;

• wherein the means for identifying attributes of an object key comprises:
• a. a pattern recognition means for recognizing an integrated pixel pattern from a plurality of discrete object images of the object key, and for producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said integrated pixel pattern defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• b. a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key, for comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal, and for producing an identifying signal,
• said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A key making apparatus utilizing attributes of an object key comprising a non-contact means for extracting laterally exposed attributes of the object key having means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through a transparent section of a supporting means and project an image of the object key positioned thereon means for receiving at least one object image of the object key positioned on said transparent section and producing an output signal, and means for identifying laterally exposed attributes of the object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key;

• wherein the means for identifying attributes of an object key comprises:
• a. a pattern recognition means for recognizing at least one object image of the object key, and for producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said pixel patterns defining laterally exposed attributes represented on a polyline of a silhouette of the object key;
• and
• b. a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining laterally exposed attributes of a selected manufacturer's key, for comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal, and for producing an identifying signal,
• said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching the outer shape of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A method for automatically making keys utilizing attributes of an object key having a longitudinal axis which comprises:

• a. loosely supporting the object key by receiving said object key on a surface;
• b. determining the initial relative orientation of the object key;
• c. establishing an operative positional relationship between the longitudinal axis of the loosely supported object key and a means for extracting attributes of the loosely supported object key;
• and
• d. extracting attributes including laterally exposed key cuts of the loosely supported object key,
• whereby, key cut codes of the object key can be recognized.

A method for automatically making keys utilizing attributes of an object key having a longitudinal axis which comprises:

• a. loosely supporting the object key consisting of a surface;
• b. establishing an operative positional relationship between the longitudinal axis of the loosely supported object key and a means for extracting attributes of the loosely supported object key;
• and
• c. extracting attributes of the loosely supported object key including laterally exposed key cuts, independent of physical contact,
• whereby, key cut codes of the object key can be recognized.

A method for automatically making keys utilizing attributes of an object key having a longitudinal axis which comprises:

• a. loosely supporting the object key consisting of a surface;
• b. establishing an operative positional relationship between the longitudinal axis of the loosely supported object key and a means for extracting laterally protected attributes of the loosely supported object key;
• and
• c. extracting laterally protected attributes of the loosely supported object key,
• whereby, key cut codes of the object key can be recognized.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving an object key on a transparent section of a surface an object key;
• b. automatically utilizing means for determining the initial relative orientation of the object key as loosely supported on a surface;
• c. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the surface and projecting an object image including key cut attributes;
• d. receiving at least one object image of the object key including key cut attributes;
• e. producing an output signal;
• and
• f. identifying laterally exposed attributes including key cut attributes of the object key responsive to the output signal, whereby, key cut codes of the object key can be recognized.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving an object key on a rotatable means for supporting an object key having a transparent section;
• b. automatically utilizing means for determining the initial relative orientation of the object key:
• c. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an object image;
• d. receiving at least one object image of the object key;
• e. determining from the object image the position of a longitudinal (centerline) axis of the object key in a generally horizontal position relative to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator;
• f. producing an output signal corresponding to said determination;
• and
• g. rotating the means for supporting an object key for alignment with a line perpendicular to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator.

A method for automatically making keys comprising the following steps:

• a. adjusting the focal plane viewed by a means for receiving an object image of an object key;
• b. extracting attributes of an object key;
• c. recognizing an integrated pixel pattern from a plurality of discrete object images of the object key,
• each of said discrete object images taken from a discrete focal plane in which the object key lies;
• d. producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said integrated pixel pattern defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• e. comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal from a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing an identifying signal, said identifying signal defines both a key cut code and key cut features of the object key that correspond generally with key cut codes identified with the corresponding key blank and a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that generally correspond to code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key, and key cuts hybridizing the key cut features of the object key and the key cut codes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises the steps in the order set forth:

• a. projecting a generally horizontal beam of light immediately above the means for supporting an object key and transverse to a blade of an object key supported on the transparent section thereof, said transparent section having a blade section and an adjacent handle section for a blade and handle, respectively, of an object key;
• b. receiving the horizontal beam of light which is not obstructed by the blade of an object key disposed on the blade section of the means for supporting an object key and producing at least one output signal;
• c. incrementally lowering the vertical elevation of the handle section of the means for supporting an object key in relation to said output signal;
• and
• d. repeating sequential steps a, b, and c until the light received no longer exceeds a minimum threshold, indicating that the blade of said object key is disposed flatly on the blade section.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises the sequential steps:

• a. receiving an object key on a rotatable means for supporting an object key having a transparent section;
• b. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an image;
• c. receiving at least one object image of the object key;
• d. determining from the object image the position of the longitudinal centerline of the object key in a horizontal plane relative to a light stripe projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator;
• e. producing an output signal corresponding to said determination;
• f. rotating the means for supporting an object key for alignment with a line perpendicular to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator in relation to said output signal;
• g. projecting a generally horizontal beam of light immediately above the means for supporting an object key and transverse to a blade of an object key supported on the transparent section thereof, said transparent section having a blade section and an adjacent handle section for a blade and handle, respectively, of the object key;
• h. receiving the horizontal beam of light that is not obstructed by the blade of an object key disposed on the blade section of the means for supporting an object key and producing at least one output signal;
• i. incrementally lowering the vertical elevation of the handle section of the means for supporting an object key in relation to said output signal;
• and
• j. repeating sequential steps g, h, and i until the light received no longer exceeds a minimum threshold, indicating that the blade of said object key is disposed flatly on the blade section.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. projecting at least one light stripe obliquely on to an object key;
• b. receiving an object image of the light stripe of laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image;
• d. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• e. comparing the code signals with master code signals from a master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• f. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. projecting at least one light stripe obliquely on to an object key;
• b. receiving an object image of the light stripe of laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image;
• d. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• e. comparing the code signals with master code signals from a master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of master pixel patterns which define laterally protected attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• f. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said identifying signal defining key cut codes with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, key cuts conforming to the key cut codes may be cut in to a corresponding key blank.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises the sequential steps:

• a. projecting at least one light stripe obliquely on to an object key;
• b. receiving an object image of the light stripe of laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image;
• d. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• e. comparing the code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern of laterally protected attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• f. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said, identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving an object key on a means for supporting an object key having a transparent section;
• b. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an image;
• c. receiving at least one object image of the object key;
• d. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image;
• e. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition,
• said target pixels defining a polyline of laterally exposed attributes of the object key;
• f. comparing the code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of laterally exposed attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• g. producing an identifying signal from such comparison;
• and
• h. identifying laterally exposed attributes of the object key responsive to the output signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving at least one object key on a means for supporting an object key having a transparent section;
• b. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an object image;
• C. receiving an object image of the object key;
• d. repositioning the object image receiver;
• e. repeating steps b, c, and d;
• f. gathering together the plurality of object images and producing at least one integrated output signal;
• and
• g. identifying laterally exposed attributes of the object key responsive to the integrated output signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. backlighting an object key and projecting an object image;
• b. receiving an object image of the object key;
• c. repositioning the object image receiver;
• d. repeating steps a,b, and c;
• e. gathering together the plurality of object images and producing an integrated object image;
• f. recognizing a pixel pattern from said integrated object image;
• g. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• h. comparing the code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of laterally exposed attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• i. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. projecting a light stripe from a light stripe generator obliquely on to an object key;
• b. receiving an object image of the light stripe of the object key;
• c. repositioning an assembly of the light stripe generator and the object image receiver which are in fixed positional relationship with each other;
• d. repeating steps a, b, and c;
• e. gathering together the plurality of object images and producing an integrated object image;
• f. recognizing a pixel pattern from said integrated object image;
• g. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• h. comparing the code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of laterally protected attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• i. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. projecting a light stripe from a light stripe generator obliquely on to an object key;
• b. receiving an object images of the light stripe of the object key;
• c. varying the exposure time for the object receiver;
• d. repeating steps a, b, and c;
• e. comparing the plurality of object images, discarding any aberrant object images, and producing an optimum object image of the remaining object images;
• f. recognizing a pixel pattern from said optimum object images;
• g. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• h. comparing the code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• i. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. projecting a light stripe from a light stripe generator obliquely on to an object key;
• b. receiving an object image of the light stripe of the object key;
• c. varying the exposure time for the object receiver;
• d. repeating steps a, b, and c;
• e. comparing the plurality of object images, discarding any aberrant object images, and producing an optimum object image of the remaining object images;
• f. repositioning an assembly of the light stripe generator and the object image receiver which are in fixed positional relationship with each other;
• g. repeating steps a, b, c, d, and e;
• h. gathering together the plurality of optimum object images and producing at least one integrated output signal;
• i. recognizing a pixel pattern from said integrated object images;
• j. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition;
• k. comparing the code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of a selected manufacturer's key;
• and
• l. producing an identifying signal from such comparison, said identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving an object key having a blade and a handle on a rotatable means for supporting an object key having a transparent section with a fixed blade section adjacent to a movable handle section;
• b. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an image;
• c. receiving at least one object image of the object key;
• d. determining from the object image the position of the longitudinal centerline of the object key relative to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator;
• e. producing a first output signal corresponding to said determination;
• f. rotating the means for supporting an object key for alignment with a line perpendicular to a light stripe which may be projected on to the object key by a light stripe generator in relation to said first output signal;
• g. projecting a generally horizontal beam of light immediately above the means for supporting an object key and transverse to the blade of the object key supported thereon;
• h. receiving the light of the horizontal beam that is not obstructed by the blade of an object key disposed on the blade section of the means for supporting an object key and producing at least one second output signal;
• i. incrementally lowering the vertical elevation of the handle section of the means for supporting an object key in relation to said second output signal;
• and
• j. repeating sequential steps g, h, and i until the light received no longer exceeds a minimum threshold, indicating that the blade of said object key is disposed flatly on the blade section;
• k. continue backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an image;
• l. receiving at least one backlit object image of the object key;
• m. recognizing a pixel pattern from said backlit object image;
• n. producing a series of primary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a polyline of laterally exposed attributes of the object key;
• o. comparing the primary code signals relating to outline shape of the polyline with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern relating to the shape of a selected manufacturer's key;
• p. producing a first identifying signal from such comparison,
• said first identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding selected manufacturer's key and a corresponding key blank responsive to the first identifying signal may be determined;
• q. projecting at least one light stripe obliquely on to an object key disposed on the transparent section, thereby creating an image of laterally protected attributes of said object key;
• r. receiving an object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• s. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• t. producing a series of secondary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• u. comparing each of the secondary code signals with a corresponding master code signal from the master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern relating to the laterally protected attributes of the selected manufacturer's key;
• v. producing a second identifying signal from such comparison, said second identifying signal defining that the corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals matches the secondary code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• w. comparing the primary code signals relating to laterally exposed key cut features of the polyline with the master code signal from the master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern of key cut codes of the selected manufacturer's key;
• x. producing a third identifying signal from such comparison, said third identifying signal defining a key cut code of the selected manufacturer's key with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match the primary code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the laterally exposed attributes of the object key,
• whereby, the key cut code of the object key is identified and the corresponding key blank is confirmed, in response to the third identifying signal;
• y. selecting the corresponding key blank from a plurality of key blanks from said identifying signal;
• z. grasping said key blank;
• aa. positioning said key blank for cutting;
• and
• ab. cutting key cut features into said key blank to create a new key.

A method for automatically making keys comprising the following steps:

• a. adjusting the focal plane viewed by a means for receiving an object image of an object key;
• b. extracting attributes of an object key;
• c. recognizing an integrated pixel pattern from a plurality of discrete object images of the object key,
• each of said discrete object images taken from a discrete focal plane in which the object key lies;
• d. producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said integrated pixel pattern defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• e. comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal from a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing an identifying signal, said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A method for automatically making keys comprising the following steps:

• a. adjusting the focal plane viewed by a means for receiving an object image of an object key;
• b. extracting attributes of an object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from an object image of the object key;
• d. producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said integrated pixel pattern defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• e. comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal from a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing an identifying signal, said identifying signal defines both a key cut code and key cut features of the object key that correspond generally with key cut codes identified with the corresponding key blank and a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that generally correspond to code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key, and key cuts hybridizing the key cut features of the object key and the key cut codes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving at least one object image of an object key;
• b. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image;
• c. producing a series of code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining attributes of the object key;
• d. comparing the primary code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• e. producing a rejection signal from such comparison, said rejection signal defining a lack of master code signals matching the primary code signals from the result of said recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key;
• and, in response to said rejection signal:
• f. turning on an overhead light and illuminating the object key;
• g. receiving at least one object image of the illuminated object key and producing a memory signal;
• and
• h. storing said memory signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. backlighting an object key and projecting an image;
• b. receiving at least one backlit object image of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said backlit object image;
• d. producing a series of primary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a polyline of laterally exposed attributes of the object key;
• e. comparing the primary code signals relating to the outline shape of the polyline with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of the shape of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing a first rejection signal from such comparison, said rejection signal defining a lack of corresponding master code signals matching the primary code signals from the result of said recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key;
• and, in response to said first rejection signal:
• g. turning on an overhead light and illuminating the object key;
• h. receiving at least one object image of the illuminated object key and producing first memory signal;
• and
• i. storing said first memory signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. backlighting an object key and projecting an image;
• b. receiving at least one backlit object image of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said backlit object image;
• d. producing a series of primary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a polyline of laterally exposed attributes of the object key;
• e. comparing the primary code signals relating to outline shape of the polyline with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern relating to the shape of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing a first identifying signal from such comparison,
• said first identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding selected manufacturer's key and a corresponding key blank responsive to the first identifying signal may be determined;
• g. projecting at least one light stripe on to an object key;
• h. receiving an object image of the light stripe of laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• i. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• j. producing a series of secondary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• k. comparing each of the secondary code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of the laterally protected attributes of the selected manufacturer's key;
• l. producing an inquiry signal from such comparison, said inquiry signal defining a lack of corresponding master code signals matching the secondary code signals from the result of said recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key;
• and, in response to said inquiry signal:
• m. determining whether there may be information on another side of the object key from the master pattern memory relating to the selected manufacturer's key, and producing a rejection signal, said rejection signal defining a lack of information on another side of the object key;
• and, in response to said rejection signal:
• n. turning on an overhead light and illuminating the object key;
• o. receiving at least one object image of the illuminated object key and producing a memory signal;
• and
• p. storing said memory signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. backlighting the object key by passing light through the transparent section of the supporting means and projecting an image;
• b. receiving at least one backlit object image of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said backlit object image;
• d. producing a series of primary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a polyline of laterally exposed attributes of the object key;
• e. comparing the primary code signals relating to an outline shape of the polyline with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of the shape of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing a first identifying signal from such comparison, said first identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding selected manufacturer's key and a corresponding key blank responsive to the first identifying signal may be determined;
• and
• g. projecting at least one light stripe on to an object key;
• h. receiving an object image of the light stripe of laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• i. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• j. producing a series of secondary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition of the pixel pattern from said object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• k. comparing each of the secondary code signals with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern of the laterally protected attributes of the selected manufacturer's key;
• l. producing an inquiry signal from such comparison, said inquiry signal defining corresponding master code signals matching the secondary code signals from the result of said recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key;
• and, in response to said inquiry signal:
• m. determining whether there may be information on another side of the object key from the master pattern memory relating to the selected manufacturer's key, and producing a restart signal, said restart signal defining further information on another side of the object key;
• and, in response to said restart signal:
• n. providing instructions to flip over the object key;
• and
• o. repeating steps a through k.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. backlighting an object key and projecting an image;
• b. receiving at least one backlit object image of the object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from said backlit object image;
• d. producing a series of primary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a polyline of laterally exposed attributes of the object key;
• e. comparing the primary code signals relating to outline shape of the polyline with corresponding master code signals from a master pattern memory, each master code signal defining traits of a master pixel pattern relating to the shape of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing a first identifying signal from such comparison,
• said first identifying signal defining a corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding selected manufacturer's key and a corresponding key blank responsive to the first identifying signal may be determined;
• g. projecting at least one light stripe on to an object key disposed on the transparent section, thereby creating an image of laterally protected attributes of said object key;
• h. receiving an object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• i. recognizing a pixel pattern from said object image of the light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• j. producing a series of secondary code signals that define traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said target pixels defining a light stripe of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• k. comparing each of the secondary code signals with a corresponding master code signal from the master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern relating to the laterally protected attributes of the selected manufacturer's key;
• l. producing a second identifying signal from such comparison, said second identifying signal defining that the corresponding key blank with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals matches the secondary code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the laterally protected attributes of the object key;
• m. comparing the primary code signals relating to laterally exposed key cut features of the polyline with the master code signal from the master pattern memory, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern of key cut codes of the selected manufacturer's key;
• n. producing a rejection signal from such comparison, said rejection signal defining a lack of corresponding master code signals matching the primary code signals from the result of said recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key;
• and, in response to said rejection signal:
• o. turning on an overhead light and illuminating the object key;
• p. receiving at least one object image of the illuminated object key and producing a memory signal;
• and
• q. storing said memory signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. actuating at least one subbase motor drive to position a key effector having a moveable rod with an upwardly extending pin in operative association with a corresponding key blank in response to an identifying signal;
• b. actuating a first actuable means to horizontally move the rod axially to position the upwardly extending pin at a spaced distance below and in alignment with a hole in the handle of the corresponding key blank;
• c. actuating a motor drive to position the pin of the key effector vertically into the hole in the handle of the corresponding key blank;
• d. actuating the first actuable means to horizontally draw in the rod axially to withdraw the corresponding key blank from a holding means;
• e. actuating a second actuable means to secure the corresponding key blank with a clamping means;
• f. actuating a means for cutting;
• g. actuating at least one subbase motor drive to position the key effector and the secured corresponding key blank in operative association with the means for cutting to cut a new key;
• h. actuating the second actuable means to release the clamping means;
• and
• i. actuating at least one subbase motor drive to position the new key for dispensing.

A key making apparatus comprising:

• means for determining the initial relative orientation of the object key as loosely supported on a surface, a non-contact means for extracting attributes including key cuts of an object key having means for lighting arranged and adapted to project light onto an object key disposed on the surface and reveal an image including key cuts of an object key positioned thereon, means for receiving at least one object image of an object key including key cuts positioned on said surface and producing an output signal, means for identifying attributes including key cuts of an object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key and means for aligning the surface and the means for receiving an object image of an object key,
• whereby, a revealed image of an object key including key cuts disposed on the surface may be received by the means for receiving an object image of an object key producing an output signal, wherein the non-contact means for extracting laterally exposed attributes including key cuts of an object key comprises:
• a means for backlighting arranged and adapted to pass light through a transparent section of the surface and project an image of an object key including key cuts positioned thereon;
• a means for receiving at least one object image including key cuts of an object key positioned on said transparent section and producing an output signal;
• and
• a means for identifying laterally exposed attributes including key cuts of an object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises the following automatic steps:

• a. automatically utilizing means for determining the initial relative orientation of the object key as loosely supported;
• on a surface;
• b. adjusting the focal plane viewed by a means for receiving an object image of an object key;
• and
• c. extracting attributes including longitudinal grooves and attributes of the outer shape of an object key,
• whereby, key cut codes of the object key can be recognized.

A method for automatically making keys utilizing attributes of an object key which comprises:

• a. loosely supporting the object key by receiving a said object key on a surface;
• b. automatically utilizing means for determining the initial relative orientation of the loosely supported object key;
• c. adjusting the focal plane viewed by a means for receiving an object image of the loosely supported object key;
• and
• d. extracting attributes including laterally protected grooves of the loosely supported object key,
• whereby, key cut codes of the object key can be recognized.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. receiving an object key on a surface;
• and the following automatic steps;
• b. automatically utilizing means for determining the initial relative orientation of the object key as loosely supported on the surface;
• c. receiving at least one object image of the object key including key cuts;
• d. producing an output signal relating to said key cuts;
• and
• e. identifying attributes including key cut codes of the object key responsive to the output signal.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. placing an object key on a means for supporting which has a transparent section on which the object key may be placed;
• b. passing backlight through the transparent section of the supporting means and project an image of the object key positioned thereon;
• c. receiving the object image of the object key;
• d. ascertaining the position of the object key on the supporting means and producing an output signal;
• and
• e. repositioning the object key relative to the means for receiving the object image of the object key responsive to the output signal produced by the ascertaining means.

A method for automatically making keys comprising the following steps:

• a. adjusting the focal plane viewed by a means for receiving an object image of an object key;
• b. extracting attributes of an object key;
• c. recognizing a pixel pattern from an object image of the object key;
• d. producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said pixel patterns defining attributes of the object key;
• e. comparing the code signals from a pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal from a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key;
• f. producing an identifying signal, said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A method for automatically making keys which comprises:

• a. projecting a generally horizontal beam of light immediately above a means for supporting an object key and transverse to the blade of the object key supported thereon;
• b. receiving the light of the horizontal beam that is not obstructed by the blade of an object key disposed on the blade section of the means for supporting an object key and producing at least one output signal;
• c. incrementally lowering the vertical elevation of the handle section of the means for supporting an object key in relation to said second output signal;
• and
• d. repeating sequential steps a, b, and c, a specified number of times;
• e. producing a non-existent key rejection signal from such specified number of repetitions, said nonexistent key rejection signal defining a lack of an object key blocking the light reception, indicating that the object key was not disposed on the supporting means;
• and, in response to said non-existent key rejection signal:
• f. turning on an overhead light, displaying instructions, and opening an access door.

A key making apparatus comprising:

• a non-contact means for extracting attributes of an object key having means for lighting arranged and adapted to project light onto an object key disposed on a supporting means and reveal an image of an object key positioned thereon, means for receiving at least one object image of an object key positioned on said supporting means and producing an output signal, and means for identifying attributes of an object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key, wherein the means for identifying attributes of an object key comprises:
• a. a pattern recognition means for recognizing a pixel pattern from an object image of the object key, and for producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said pixel patterns defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• b. a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key, for comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal, and for producing an identifying signal,
• said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.

A key making apparatus comprising:

• a non-contact means for extracting attributes of an object key having means for lighting arranged and adapted to project light onto an object key disposed on a supporting means and reveal an image of an object key positioned thereon, means for receiving at least one object image of an object key positioned on said supporting means and producing an output signal, and means for identifying attributes of an object key that is operably connected and responsive to the output signal of the means for receiving an object image of the object key, wherein the means for identifying attributes of an object key comprises:
• a. a pattern recognition means for recognizing an integrated pixel pattern from a plurality of discrete object images of the object key, and for producing a series of code signals with respect to each target pixel from the result of said recognition, said code signals defining traits of the recognized pixel pattern for each target pixel, said integrated pixel pattern defining attributes of the object key;
• and
• b. a discrimination means having a pattern memory in which a set of predetermined master patterns is stored, said predetermined master patterns being a plurality of master code signals, said master code signals defining traits of a master pixel pattern, said master pixel pattern defining attributes of a selected manufacturer's key, for comparing the code signals from the pattern recognition means with a corresponding master code signal, and for producing an identifying signal,
• said identifying signal defines a corresponding key blank having a hole in the handle thereof with a predetermined master pattern having master code signals that match code signals from the result of the recognition of the pixel pattern of the object key,
• whereby, a corresponding key blank matching attributes of a known manufacturer's key may be determined.