An essentially pure nucleic acid which encodes a mycobacterial methionyl-tRNA synthetase, wherein said nucleic acid hybridizes to DNA having the sequence SEQ ID NO:b 1, its complement, DNA having the sequence SEQ ID NO:3 or its complement, under conditions comprising a) hybridization overnight in 500 mM NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 (H.sub.2 O), 5% dextran sulfate, 7% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, 50% formamide, 250 mM NaCl, and 100 .mu.g/ml salmon sperm DNA at 37.degree. C., b) washing twice in 2.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS for 10 minutes each at room temperature, and c) washing twice in 0.5.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS for one hour each at 65.degree..