A method of altering blood sugar levels of a mammal comprising administering expanded human pancreatic cells to the mammal, which expanded cells have been expanded in a cell culture and comprise enriched, non-transformed, serially passaged human pancreatic endocrine cells, wherein said cell culture is substantially free of fibroblast, macrophage, and capillary endothelial cells, and wherein said cell culture is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
- (a) selecting said pancreatic endocrine cells from a human tissue that comprises said cells;
- (b) concentrating said selected cells;
- (c) resuspending said concentrated cells in a culture medium, wherein said medium comprises a basal medium supplemented with (i) hypothalamus extract and (ii) pituitary extract;
- (d) culturing said resuspended cells;
- and
- (e) passaging said cultured cells periodically to expand said culture.