# US 5,772,320 A · Method and aparatus for mixing a metal matrix composite > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,772,320 A - Document ID: US5772320A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/676,192 - Filed: 1996-09-04 - Granted: 1998-06-30 - Earliest claimed: 1994-02-17 - Assignees: EA Technology Limited - Inventors: Patrick James Hayes - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5772320A ## CPC - B01F 25/50: Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle - B01F: MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING (mixing paints B44D3/06) ## Abstract An method and apparatus is described for mixing solid particulates in a molten metal matrix to form a metal matrix composite product flow. The apparatus a refractory vessel to hold the metal matrix; a refractory conduit in communication with both the inlet and outlet of the refractory vessel so as to define a closed loop flow path. The inlet and outlet is spaced so as to encourage mixing within the vessel. A pump is provided to circulate the metal matrix to effect mixing. The apparatus and method further includes the metal matrix having a head with a vertical dimension in the excess of four times the cross sectional width of the conduit. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for mixing solid particulates in a molten metal matrix to form a metal matrix composite, the apparatus comprising a refractory vessel for containing the metal matrix in a molten state and defining an inlet and an outlet; refractory conduit means in communication with both the said inlet and said outlet so as to define with said vessel a closed loop flow path, said inlet and outlet being so spaced as to encourage mixing within said vessel; and pump means disposed within said flow path and operative to circulate the metal matrix and particulates around said closed loop path so as to effect a mixing thereof, said vessel containing a filling of the metal matrix having a head with a vertical dimension in excess of four times the cross-sectional width of said conduit means. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said pump means is free of moving parts within said closed loop flow path. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said pump means comprises an electromagnetic pump. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein means are provided for controlling the velocity at which the metal matrix and particulates are circulated around said closed loop path. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said pump means is operated to provide a flow velocity of metal matrix and particulates such that the flow has a Reynolds number in excess of 700 calculated on the basis of a transverse dimension of said vessel. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said flow path includes at least one bend formed at an angle sufficient to cause turbulence to encourage the mixing of the metal matrix and particulates. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one member is disposed to project into said flow path, so as to create turbulence and facilitate the mixing of the metal matrix and particulates. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said conduit means includes at least one additional refractory vessel. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the said inlet and outlet are spaced apart vertically. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein velocity in said flow path is controlled such that the flow of metal matrix and particulates has a Reynolds number in excess of 700 calculated on the basis of a transverse dimension of said vessel. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the refractory vessel is of substantially circular cross-section and the longitudinal axis of said conduit means adjacent one or both of said inlet and outlet is offset with respect to a radius of said vessel at an angle of between 10.degree. and 25.degree.. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the refractory vessel is selectively subjected to one of the group consisting of an inert gas, and a pressure less than atmospheric. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein means are provided for adding the particulates to the metal matrix at locations within either the refractory vessel or said conduit means where the turbulent kinetic energy of the metal matrix is in excess of a predetermined threshold value. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein heating means are provided within said flow path. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) An apparatus in accordance with claim 13, wherein said heating means comprises an induction heating means. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein means are provided to control the temperature of the metal matrix, said control means being adapted to facilitate the precipitation of intermetallic compounds or other reinforcing phases within said matrix. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) A metal matrix composite when mixed using the apparatus of claim 1. ### Claim 18 A method for mixing solid particulates in a molten metal matrix to form a metal matrix composite, the method comprising the steps of providing a refractory vessel in communication with refractory conduit means such that said vessel and said conduit means define a closed loop flow path; providing a molten metal matrix and particulates within said closed loop path; providing a quantity of the metal matrix in the vessel having a head of the metal matrix with a vertical dimension in excess of four times the cross-sectional width of the conduit; and circulating the metal matrix and particulates around said closed loop path so as to effect a mixing thereof. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) A method in accordance with claim 18 and comprising the additional step of controlling the velocity at which the metal matrix and particulates are circulated around said closed loop path. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) A method in accordance with claim 19, wherein the refractory vessel and said conduit means define an inlet to said vessel and the velocity at which the metal matrix and particulates are circulated around said closed loop path is controlled such that the flow of metal matrix and particulates has a Reynolds number in excess of 700 calculated on the basis of a characteristic dimension ofsaid vessel. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) A method in accordance with claim 18, and comprising the additional step of adding particulates to the metal matrix at locations within either the refractory vessel or said conduit means where the turbulent kinetic energy of the metal matrix is in excess of a predetermined threshold value. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) A method in accordance with claim 18, and comprising the additional step of controlling the temperature of said metal matrix. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) A method in accordance with claim 22, wherein the temperature of said metal matrix is controlled so as to facilitate the precipitation of intermetallic compounds or other reinforcing phases within said matrix. ### Claim 24 (depends on 18) A metal matrix composite when mixed using the method of claim 18.