Method and implementing sub-assemblies and assembly to flatten photographic film during picture-taking
OwnerHarry Julichinventor
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for flattening photographic film at the time of picture-taking involves applying a force-field to a photographic film made responsive to said force field to attract it against a reference surface. The force field may be electric, magnetic, AC, DC, or a combination of these.
Claims49
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to an electric force-field
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) applying an electrical force-field to cause the film to be attracted to the reference surface structure and thereby flatten said film against the reference surface at least across the image area and at least during image exposure.
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to an electric force-field,
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) applying an electrical force-field to cause the film to be attracted to the reference surface structure and thereby flatten said film against the reference surface at least across the image area and at least during image exposure, wherein the electric force-field is generated by a source selected from the group consisting of constant-amplitude AC and DC sources and amplitude-modulated AC and DC sources, wherein said source drives into polarization a soft-polarizable, force-field producing body selected from the group consisting of dielectrics and ferroelectrics at least during the time of image exposure, and wherein said source is shut off before film advance or film exchange,
- wherein the step of applying the electrical force field comprises a sequence of at least one initial step, within which initial step at least a first said electric force-field is applied during the time of image exposure, followed by at least one final step, within which final step at least a second said electric force-field is applied during part or all of the time interval between the end of image exposure and the beginning of film advance or exchange, whereby films with electrically force-field responsive systems susceptible to hysteresis effects induced by said force-fields applied for image flattening are subsequently subjected to other force-fields substantially negating said hysteresis.
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to an electric force-field,
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) applying an electrical force-field to cause the film to be attracted to the reference surface structure and thereby flatten said film against the reference surface at least across the image area and at least during image exposure, wherein the electric force-field is generated by a source selected from the group consisting of constant-amplitude AC and DC sources and amplitude-modulated AC and DC sources, wherein said source drives into polarization a soft-polarizable, force-field producing body selected from the group consisting of dielectrics and ferroelectrics at least during the time of image exposure, and wherein said source is shut off before film advance or film exchange, said applying step comprising a sequence of at least one initial step, within which initial step at least a first said electric force-field is applied during the time of image exposure, followed by at least one final step, within which final step at least a second said electric force-field is applied during part or all of the time interval between the end of image exposure and the beginning of film advance or exchange in such manner that in said final step substantial repulsion is achieved between the reference surface structure and the photographic film.
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to an AC magnetic force-field,
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) generating, by power application, an AC magnetic force-field to cause the film to be attracted against the reference surface.
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to a force-field selected from the group consisting of electric force-fields and AC magnetic force-fields,
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) applying said force-field selected from the group consisting of electric force-fields and AC magnetic force-fields to cause the film to be attracted to the reference surface structure and thereby flattening said film at least across the image area and at least during image exposure against the reference surface,
- wherein step (c) comprises the step of flattening against the reference surface a photographic film selected from the group consisting of a rollfilm and a sheetfilm.
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to a force-field selected from the group consisting of electric force-fields and AC magnetic force-fields,
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) applying said force-field selected from the group consisting of electric force-fields and AC magnetic force-fields to cause the film to be attracted to the reference surface structure and thereby flattening said film against the reference surface at least across the image area and at least during image exposure,
- wherein step (c) comprises the step of flattening the photographic film against a reference surface of a reference-surface structure selected from the group consisting of a roll film pressure-plate and a sheetfilm-holder partition.
A method for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support at least during an exposure of an image area on the film, said exposure to be followed by film advance or film exchange, comprising the steps of:
- (a) fitting the film with systems responsive to a force-field selected from the group consisting of electric force-fields and AC magnetic force-fields,
- (b) providing a reference surface structure with a reference surface for the film,
- (c) applying said force-field selected from the group consisting of electric force-fields and AC magnetic force-fields to cause the film to be attracted to the reference surface structure and thereby flattening said film against the reference surface at least across the image area and at least during image exposure,
- wherein the attraction produced by said force-field and flattening the photographic film against the reference surface is between 10 (ten) and 100,000 (one hundred thousand) dynes/cm.sup.2.
A combined force-field responsive system and photographic film wherein said force field responsive system is responsive to applied fields selected from the group consisting of electric force fields and AC magnetic force-fields for attracting said photographic film toward a reference surface of a reference surface structure and to flatten the film against said reference surface at least during image exposure, wherein said photographic film comprises an emulsion on a support having a support emulsion-near side and a support emulsion-distant side.
A force-field generating unit to apply a force-field to a photographic film which is combined with a force-field responsive system to attract said film toward a reference surface of a reference surface structure in order to flatten said film against said reference surface, said force-field generating unit is:
- permanently polarized dielectric bodies and permanently polarized ferroelectric bodies arranged to produce permanent electric force-fields or soft-polarizable dielectric bodies and soft-polarizable ferroelectric bodies driven by power sources in the modes of steady-state AC or steady-state DC or amplitude-modulated AC or DC to generate steady-state AC or DC electric force-fields or amplitude-modulated AC or DC electric force-fields or;
- one or more pairs of metal plates or foils, each pair being driven by power sources in the modes of steady-state AC or DC and of amplitude-modulated AC or DC across each pair to generate steady-state AC or DC electric force-fields and amplitude-modulated AC or DC electric force-fields or;
- a magnetizable body driven in the modes of constant-amplitude AC or amplitude-modulated AC to generate constant-state or amplitude-modulated AC magnetic fields.
A force-field generating unit used in flattening photographic film composed of an even number of mutually spaced and substantially coplanar metal plates or foils mounted in electrically insulating manner relative to a reference surface structure in one of the configurations consisting of being on, in or spaced from said structure, said plates or foils being connected pairwise by one plate or foil of the at least one pair to one pole of an AC or DC power source and by the other plate or foil of the at least one pair to the other pole of the said AC or DC power source, wherein the AC source evinces phase and the DC power source evinces polarity, and where, if more than one pair of plates or foils is used, said pairs are connected in parallel in such manner that any plate or foil intermediary between another two plates or foils shall be driven at a phase or a polarity opposite said other two plates' or foils phases' or polarities.
A control-and-timing unit for a combined force-field responsive system and photographic film wherein said force field responsive system is responsive to applied fields selected from the group consisting of electric and magnetic force-fields for attracting said photographic film toward a reference surface of a reference surface structure and to flatten the film against said reference surface at least during image exposure,
- wherein said photographic film comprises an emulsion on a support having a support emulsion-near side and a support emulsion-distant side operating an AC force-field generating unit in such manner that after each image exposure but before film-advance or film-exchange, a previously applied force-field is made to decay substantially from its amplitude during said exposure over a number of ensuing cycles which is less than the total number of cycles possible in a time interval between the end of image exposure and the beginning of film advance or exchange for the purpose of substantially demagnetizing or electrically depolarizing said force-field responsive system.
An assembly composed of a first force-field generating unit in the form of a planar laminate including a metal layer, wherein said laminate is fitted to a photographic film with emulsion and support to form one plate of a parallel-plate capacitor, and a second force-field generating unit being an at least partly metallic photographic-film reference-surface structure having a reference surface and forming the second plate of said parallel plate capacitor, said parallel plate capacitor being operated with DC or AC power and attracting said photographic film to said reference surface structure and flattening the film against said reference surface.
An assembly comprising a combined force-field responsive system and photographic film, wherein said force field responsive system is responsive to fields selected from the group consisting of electric and magnetic force-fields and said force-fields are applied by a force-field generating unit for attracting said photographic film toward a reference surface of a reference surface structure and to flatten the film against said reference surface at least during image exposure,
- wherein a force of attraction between the force-field responsive system and the force field generating unit is in the range of 10 (ten) to 100,000 (one hundred thousand) dynes/cm.sup.2.
An assembly for flattening a photographic film with emulsion and support against a reference surface of a reference-surface structure, composed of two cooperating force-field generating units, one affixed to the body of a camera and the other affixed to said film, each force-field generating unit being an independent unit and generating a mutually reinforcing force-field flattening the film against the reference surface.
A large view-camera, double-sheetfilm holder with a partition and a set of two removable sheetfilm masks engageable each on one side of the said holder into its masking position, where, in the set of two sheetfilm-holder masks, each mask when inserted into its masking position acts as a force-field generating unit and cooperates with and reinforces the other mask, and each mask produces a force-field in such manner that when the sheetfilm holder is loaded with at least one sheetfilm fitted with a force-field responsive system then, before exposure of this sheetfilm, the force-field producing mask covering said sheetfilm to be exposed is removed while the other force-field producing mask remains in its masking position, and said remaining mask attracts the sheetfilm to be exposed, and then being exposed, against said partition.
A combined force-field responsive system and photographic film wherein said force field responsive system is responsive to applied fields selected from the group consisting of electric force fields and AC magnetic force-fields for attracting said photographic film toward a reference surface of a reference surface structure and to flatten the film against said reference surface at least during image exposure, wherein said photographic film comprises an emulsion on a support having a support emulsion-near side and a support emulsion-distant side, and wherein the force-field responsive system is in the form of a laminate bonded by a bonding layer to the photographic film support at said emulsion-distant side, wherein the laminate comprises n force-field responsive layers, where n =2, 3 . . . , separated from one another by a comparatively force-field inert layer, and wherein that of the n force-field responsive layers which is nearest the photographic film support is combined with a bonding layer bonding the laminate to the support.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.