# US 5,710,974 A · Method for improving the reliability of a handover and call establishment, and a cellular radio system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,710,974 A - Document ID: US5710974A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/648,656 - Filed: 1996-05-15 - Granted: 1998-01-20 - Earliest claimed: 1995-05-17 - Assignees: Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. - Inventors: Seppo Granlund; Hannu Hakkinen; Seppo Hamalainen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5710974A ## CPC - H04W 36/302: {due to low signal strength} - H04W 36/20: for optimising the interference level - H04W 36/36: by user or terminal equipment - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract The invention relates to a method for improving the reliability of a handover and call establishment in a cellular radio system which comprises at least one base station in each cell, and a group of subscriber terminal equipments which communicate with one or more base stations. The base stations measure the total interference level of signals they have received from the terminal equipments, and transmit a pilot signal with a known transmit power. The terminal equipments measure the power levels of pilot signals received from different base stations. In the system at least some transceivers comprise circuitry for estimating, by means of the pilot signals, the path loss between the terminal equipment and the base stations. To improve the reliability of the handover and call establishment, at least some transceivers in the system of the invention estimate the signal to noise ratio between the terminal equipment and the base station in the uplink transmission direction on the basis of the total interference measured at the base station, the path loss, and the terminal equipment transmit power. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for improving the reliability of a handover in a cellular radio system which comprises at least one base station in each cell, and a group of subscriber terminal equipments which communicate with one or more base stations, comprising steps of: measuring at a base station a total interference level of signals received from the terminal equipments, and transmitting a pilot signal with a known transmit power, measuring at a subscriber terminal equipment, in order to determine the need for a handover, the power levels of pilot signals received from those base stations which are on a terminal equipment maintained list of near-by base stations, and in which a path loss between the terminal equipment and the base stations is estimated by means of the received pilot signals, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the terminal equipment and the base station in the transmission direction from the terminal equipment to the base station is estimated on the basis of the total interference measured at the base station, the path loss, and the terminal equipment transmit power, and wherein the list maintained by each subscriber terminal equipment of near-by base stations is updated on the basis of said estimate. ### Claim 2 A method for improving the reliability of call establishment in a cellular radio system which comprises at least one base station in each cell, and a group of subscriber terminal equipments which communicate with one or more base stations, comprising steps of: measuring at a base station a total interference level of signals received from the terminal equipments, and transmitting a pilot signal with a known transmit power, measuring, at a subscriber terminal equipment, in order to determine the need for a handover, the power levels of pilot signals received from those base stations which are on the terminal equipment maintained list of near-by base stations, and in which a path loss between the terminal equipment and the base stations is estimated by means of the received pilot signals, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the terminal equipment and the base station in the transmission direction from the terminal equipment to the base station is estimated on the basis of the total interference measured at the base station, the path loss, and the terminal equipment transmit power, and wherein said estimate is utilized in selecting the base station to which the terminal equipment seeks to establish a connection when it requires a traffic channel. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the estimate for the signal to noise ratio is obtained by dividing the transmit power of the terminal equipment by the estimated path loss, and calculating the ratio between the value thus obtained and the total interference measured at the base station. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the effect of a current or future base station/terminal equipment connection to the total interference is subtracted from the total interference prior to calculating the estimate for signal to noise ratio. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the subscriber terminal equipment and the base station is estimated at the base station. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the subscriber terminal equipment and the base station is estimated at the subscriber terminal equipment. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the subscriber terminal equipment and the base station is estimated prior to establishing a connection. ### Claim 8 A cellular radio system which comprises at least one base station in each cell, and a group of subscriber terminal equipments which communicate with one or more base stations, which base stations comprise a means for measuring total interference level of signals they have received from the terminal equipments, and a means for transmitting a pilot signal with a known transmit power, and which terminal equipments comprise a means for measuring power levels of pilot signals they have received from different base stations, and in which in the cellular radio system at least some transceivers comprise a means for estimating, by means of the pilot signals, the path loss between the terminal equipment and the base stations, wherein at least some transceivers in the cellular radio system comprise means for estimating the signal to noise ratio between the terminal equipment and the base station in the transmission direction from the terminal equipment to the base station on the basis of the total interference measured at the base station, the path loss, and the terminal equipment transmit power. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The cellular radio system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the means for estimating the signal to noise ratio between the terminal equipment and the base station in the transmission direction from the terminal equipment to the base station is located at the subscriber terminal equipment. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The cellular radio system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the means for estimating the signal to noise ratio between the terminal equipment and the base station in the transmission direction from the terminal equipment to the base station is located at the base station. ### Claim 11 (depends on 2) The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the estimate for the signal to noise ratio is obtained by dividing the transmit power of the terminal equipment by the estimated path loss, and calculating the ratio between the value thus obtained and the total interference measured at the base station. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the effect of a current or future base station/terminal equipment connection to the total interference is subtracted from the total interference prior to calculating the estimate for signal to noise ratio. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the subscriber terminal equipment and the base station is estimated at the base station. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the subscriber terminal equipment and the base station is estimated at the subscriber terminal equipment. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the signal to noise ratio between the subscriber terminal equipment and the base station is estimated prior to establishing a connection.