# US 5,710,798 A · System for wireless transmission and receiving of information and method of operation thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,710,798 A - Document ID: US5710798A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/460,778 - Filed: 1995-06-02 - Granted: 1998-01-20 - Earliest claimed: 1992-03-12 - Assignees: NTP Incorporated - Inventors: Thomas J. Campana, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5710798A ## CPC - H04B 7/10: Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity - H04H 20/67: Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency - H04L 1/004: {by using forward error control (H04L1/0618 takes precedence; coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or correction H03M13/00)} - H04L 1/02: by diversity reception - H04L 7/042: {Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines (digital correlators in general G06F17/15)} - H04L 27/22: Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits - H04W 28/06: Optimizing {the usage of the radio link}, e.g. header compression, information sizing {, discarding information (system modifying transmission characteristic according to link quality by modifying frame length H04L1/0007; dynamic adaptation of the packet size for flow control or congestion control H04L47/365)} - H04W 68/00: User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04H: BROADCAST COMMUNICATION (multiplex communication H04J; pictorial communication aspects of broadcast systems H04N) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract A system and method is disclosed for wireless transmission of information which is subject to fading by using a RF carrier modulated with a subcarrier modulated with the information. The system has a bus interface which communicates with a digital signal processor which controls the transmitting and receiving circuitry functions. The bus interface is for connection to a computer bus which is connected to a computer which originates information to be transmitted by transmitting circuitry and which receives information from receiving circuitry. The digital signal processor provides first and second encoded information streams each comprising the information to be transmitted with the second stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first stream which is equal to or greater than the fading interval. The first and second encoded information streams modulate cycles of the subcarrier to produce first and second parallel information streams which are time offset by the time delay interval. The receiving circuitry has a detector for detecting transmitted first and second parallel information streams with the second parallel information stream being delayed from the first parallel information stream by the time delay interval. The digital signal processor determines if faded information is present in the frames of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing the error correction code therein to determine if a number of bit errors are present which exceed the bit error correction capacity of the error correction code. The digital signal processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement data bits within a frame in one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce error free transmitted information. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Transmitting circuitry for wireless transmission of information by modulating a transmitted carrier with a subcarrier. with transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval, the transmitting circuitry comprising: a processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be transmitted with the second encoded information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the fading; and an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel stream containing the first encoded information stream, with the second parallel stream containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the encoder modulates cycles of the subcarrier with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams being modulated in cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the encoder modulates cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with bits of the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information from the source of information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 2 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information from the source of information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 3 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information from the source of information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 8 (depends on 2) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 2 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 9 (depends on 3) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 3 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 10 (depends on 4) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 4 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 11 (depends on 5) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 5 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 6 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 13 A method of wireless transmission of information by modulating a transmitted carrier with a subcarrier with transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval comprising: providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the fading; and modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel stream by the time delay interval. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein: cycles of the subcarrier are modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein: the modulation of the subcarrier is pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the bits of the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) A method in accordance with claim 14 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) A method in accordance with claim 15 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) A method in accordance with claim 14 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 21 (depends on 15) A method in accordance with claim 15 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the atmospheric fade with information offset in time from the faded informationby the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) A method in accordance with claim 17 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 24 (depends on 18) A method in accordance with claim 18 wherein: the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams. ### Claim 25 Receiving circuitry for receiving a wireless transmission of information with the wireless transmission of information being subject to fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the receiving circuitry comprising: a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; and at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by a fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination of faded information by the at least one processor is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 26 wherein: the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 27 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 29 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 31 (depends on 28) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 28 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 31 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 33 (depends on 25) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 34 (depends on 25) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 35 (depends on 26) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 26 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 36 (depends on 26) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 26 wherein: the first and second parallel, information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 37 (depends on 27) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 27 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 38 (depends on 27) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 27 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 39 (depends on 28) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 28 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 40 (depends on 28) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 28 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 41 (depends on 29) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 29 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 42 (depends on 29) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 29 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 43 (depends on 30) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 30 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 44 (depends on 30) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 30 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 45 (depends on 31) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 31 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 46 (depends on 31) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 31 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 47 (depends on 32) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 32 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 48 (depends on 32) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 32 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 49 A method of receiving a wireless transmission of information with the transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval and being modulated with a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps: detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; and determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information. ### Claim 50 (depends on 49) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 wherein: the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and the determination of faded information is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits. ### Claim 51 (depends on 49) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present. ### Claim 52 (depends on 50) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 50 further comprising: processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and wherein the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present. ### Claim 53 (depends on 51) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 51 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 54 (depends on 53) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 53 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 55 (depends on 52) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 52 further comprising: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 56 (depends on 55) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 55 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 57 (depends on 49) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 58 (depends on 49) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 59 (depends on 50) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 50 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 60 (depends on 50) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 50 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 61 (depends on 51) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 51 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 62 (depends on 51) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 51 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 63 (depends on 52) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 52 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 64 (depends on 52) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 52 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 65 (depends on 53) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 53 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 66 (depends on 53) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 53 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 67 (depends on 54) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 54 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 68 (depends on 54) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 54 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 69 (depends on 55) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 55 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 70 (depends on 55) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 55 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 71 (depends on 56) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 56 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 72 (depends on 56) A method of receiving in accordance with claim 56 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 73 Receiving circuitry for receiving a wireless transmission of information modulated on cycles of a subcarrier comprising: a detector for detecting modulated cycles of a subcarrier; and a processor, coupled to the detector, for processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the cycles; and wherein the processor processes the substituted numerical values to produce the information. ### Claim 74 (depends on 73) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 73 wherein: the calculation of the integral by the processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 75 (depends on 74) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 74 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 76 A method of receiving a wireless transmission of information comprising: detecting modulated cycles of a subcarrier; and processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the information to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected modulated part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the cycles; and wherein processing the substituted numerical values to produce the information. ### Claim 77 (depends on 76) A method in accordance with claim 76 wherein: the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 78 (depends on 77) A method in accordance with claim 77 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 79 Receiving circuitry for receiving a wireless transmission of information with the transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second encoded identical information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the receiving circuitry comprising: a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; a processor, responsive to the detected first and second parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing error correction code contained in frames of the information to determine if the frames contain at least one uncorrectable bit after processing the error correction code and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by a fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information. ### Claim 80 (depends on 79) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 79 wherein: the processor further processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one the first and second parallel information streams; the processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present; and the calculation of the integral by the processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 81 (depends on 80) Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 80 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 82 A method of wireless transmission of information subject to fading for a time interval using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising: providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the fading; modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval; transmitting the carrier modulated with the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams; detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing error correction code contained in frames of the information to determine if the frames contain at least one uncorrectable bit after processing the error correction code; in response to the faded information replacing the faded information caused by a fade with information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval; and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information. ### Claim 83 (depends on 82) A method in accordance with claim 82 wherein: the detected individual cycles of the subcarrier are processed to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, each of the calculated integrals is numerically compared with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranqes each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified range including the calculated stored integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present; and the calculation of the integral by the processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced. ### Claim 84 (depends on 83) A method in accordance with claim 83 wherein: the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value. ### Claim 85 (depends on 82) A method in accordance with claim 82 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 86 (depends on 82) A method in accordance with claim 82 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 87 (depends on 83) A method in accordance with claim 83 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 88 (depends on 83) A method in accordance with claim 83 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 89 (depends on 84) A method in accordance with claim 84 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions. ### Claim 90 (depends on 84) A method in accordance with claim 84 wherein: the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams. ### Claim 91 (depends on 13) A method in accordance with claim 13 further comprising: varying the time delay interval between successive transmissions of information. ### Claim 92 (depends on 91) A method in accordance with claim 91 wherein: the time delay interval is transmitted as part of the information within the first and second parallel information streams. ### Claim 93 (depends on 92) A method in accordance with claim 92 wherein: the time delay interval within the first and second parallel information streams is encrypted. ### Claim 94 (depends on 49) A method in accordance with claim 49 further comprising: varying the time delay interval between successive transmissions of information. ### Claim 95 (depends on 94) A method in accordance with claim 94 wherein: the time delay interval is transmitted as part of the information within the first and second parallel information streams. ### Claim 96 (depends on 95) A method in accordance with claim 95 wherein: the time delay interval within the first and second parallel information streams is encrypted.