# US 5,710,651 A · Remote millimeter-wave antenna fiber optic communication system using dual optical signal with millimeter-wave beat frequency > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,710,651 A - Document ID: US5710651A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/571,368 - Filed: 1995-12-13 - Granted: 1998-01-20 - Earliest claimed: 1995-12-13 - Assignees: California Institute of Technology - Inventors: Ronald T. Logan, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5710651A ## CPC - H04B 10/25758: {between a central unit and a single remote unit by means of an optical fibre} - H03B 28/00: Generation of oscillations by methods not covered by groups H03B5/00 - H03B27/00, including modification of the waveform to produce sinusoidal oscillations (analogue function generators for performing computing operations G06G7/26; use of transformers for conversion of waveform in AC-AC converters H02M5/18) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H) ## Abstract The transmitter or receiver of the remote antenna system of the present invention includes a fiber optic link connecting the receiver or transmitter station with a remote antenna station. The optical carrier for the fiber optic link is produced by a dual optical signal generator, preferably in the form of two narrow-linewidth lasers frequency offset by a difference frequency corresponding to the millimeter-wave or microwave signal. If the invention is employed to convey a baseband signal from the transmitter station to the antenna station, a modulator at the transmitter station modulates the dual optical signal carrier with the baseband signal. The modulated signal is carried over the optical fiber to a photodetector at the remote antenna station which detects the millimeter wave difference frequency modulated by the baseband signal. If the invention is employed to convey a received millimeter wave signal from the remote antenna station to the receiver station, then a modulator at the remote antenna station modulates the dual optical signal carrier with the received millimeter wave signal. The modulated signal is carried over the optical fiber to a photodiode at the receiver station which detects the baseband contained in the millimeter wave signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A transmission system comprising: (A) a transmitter station comprising, (1) a dual optical signal generator producing a first optical signal and a second optical signal respectively, wherein said first optical signal is offset in frequency from said second optical signal by a difference frequency, (2) a coupler for combining said first and second optical signals to produce a combined output signal; (3) an external modulator for modulating, in accordance with a baseband signal, said combined output signal; (B) an optical fiber having one end coupled to said combined output signal; and (c) a remote antenna station comprising, (1) a photodetector coupled to another end of said optical fiber for converting said combined output signal to an electrical signal, and (2) an antenna coupled to said electrical signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said modulator has a control input receiving said baseband signal, said control input of said baseband signal having a bandwidth corresponding to that of said baseband signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2 wherein said photodetector has a bandwidth corresponding to said difference frequency. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system of claim 3 wherein said difference frequency is one of: (a) a microwave frequency; (b) a millimeter-wave frequency; and (c) a radio frequency. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said optical fiber is single-mode optical fiber having low dispersion and yielding a relatively high bandwidth-length. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said dual optical signal generator comprises first and second lasers each with co-linear polarization states for producing said first optical signal and said second optical signal, respectively. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The system of claim 6 wherein said transmitter station further comprises: a reference signal source having a frequency harmonically related to a desired output frequency; a reference laser having plural optical modes actively mode-locked to said reference signal source and having respective optical mode frequencies, whereby said reference laser is an actively mode-locked laser; wherein each of said first and second lasers is tuned to a respective one of said optical mode frequencies, whereby said first and second lasers are injection locked to corresponding ones of said plural optical modes of said mode-locked laser; wherein said difference frequency corresponds to a difference between two of said optical mode frequencies. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The system of claim 7 wherein said plural optical modes of said mode-locked laser span a frequency band at least hundreds of GigaHertz wide, and wherein said difference frequency is in a band encompassing millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said modulator modulates said first optical signal before an input of said first optical signal to said coupler, said modulator comprising one of: (a) an electro-optical intensity modulator, and (b) an electro-optical phase modulator. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9 wherein said modulator comprises an electro-optical phase modulator, said phase modulator having an optical input coupled to said first optical signal, an optical output coupled to said coupler, and an electrical control input connected to said baseband signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said modulator modulates said combined output signal after an output of said coupler, said modulator comprising: an electro-optical amplitude modulator. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11 wherein said electro-optical phase modulator comprises an optical input coupled to said first optical signal, an optical output coupled to said coupler, and an electrical control input connected to said baseband signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11 wherein said electro-optical phase modulator comprises an optical input coupled to said first optical signal, an optical output coupled to said coupler, and an electrical control input connected to said baseband signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said first optical signal and said second optical signal are single-frequency signals. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14 wherein said external modulator is one of an electro-optical amplitude modulator and an electro-optical phase modulator. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein both of said first optical signal and said second optical signal are unmodulated by a baseband signal before said coupler combines said first and second optical signals to produce said combined output signal. ### Claim 17 A receiving system comprising: (A) a dual optical signal generator producing a first optical signal and a second optical signal respectively, wherein said first optical signal is offset in frequency from said second optical signal by a difference frequency, and a coupler for combining said first and second optical signals to produce a combined output signal; (B) a remote antenna station comprising, (1) an antenna for receiving a carrier signal containing modulation comprising a baseband signal, (2) an external modulator for modulating, in accordance with a baseband signal, said combined output signal; (C) a first optical fiber having one end coupled to said combined output signal; and (D) a receiver station comprising, (1) a photodetector coupled to another end of said optical fiber for receiving said combined output signal and converting said combined output signal to an electrical signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said modulator modulates said first optical signal before an input of said first optical signal to said coupler, said modulator comprising one of: (a) an electro-optical intensity modulator, and (b) an electro-optical phase modulator. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18 wherein said dual optical signal generator and said coupler is located at said remote antenna station. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18 wherein said dual optical signal generator is located at said receiver station and said coupler is located at said remote antenna station, said system further comprising: a second optical fiber for carrying said first optical signal from said dual optical signal generator at said receiver station to said modulator at said remote antenna station; and a third optical fiber for carrying said second optical signal from said dual optical signal generator at said receiver station to said coupler at said remote antenna station. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18 wherein said modulator comprises an electro-optical phase modulator. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said modulator modulates said combined output signal after an output of said coupler, said modulator comprising: an electro-optical amplitude modulator. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The system of claim 22 wherein said dual optical signal generator and said coupler are located at said remote antenna station. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The system of claim 22 wherein said dual optical signal generator and said coupler are located at said receiver station, said system further comprising: a second optical fiber for carrying said combined output signal from said coupler at said receiver station to said modulator at said remote antenna station. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said modulator has a control input receiving said carrier signal with modulation, said control input of said baseband signal having a bandwidth corresponding to that of said carrier signal. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The system of claim 25 wherein said photodetector has a bandwidth corresponding to said baseband signal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The system of claim 26 wherein said difference frequency is one of: (a) a microwave frequency; (b) a millimeter-wave frequency; and (c) a radio frequency. ### Claim 28 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said dual optical signal generator comprises first and second lasers each with co-linear polarization states for producing said first optical signal and said second optical signal, respectively. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The system of claim 28 wherein said transmitter station further comprises: a reference signal source having a frequency harmonically related to a desired output frequency; a reference laser having plural optical modes actively mode-locked to said reference signal source and having respective optical mode frequencies, whereby said reference laser is an actively mode-locked laser; wherein each of said first and second lasers is tuned to a respective one of said optical mode frequencies, whereby said first and second lasers are injection locked to corresponding ones of said plural optical modes of said mode-locked laser; wherein said difference frequency corresponds to a difference between two of said optical mode frequencies. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The system of claim 29 wherein said plural optical modes of said mode-locked laser span a frequency band at least hundreds of GigaHertz wide, and wherein said difference frequency is in a band encompassing millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. ### Claim 31 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said optical fiber is single-mode optical fiber having low dispersion and yielding a relatively high bandwidth-length. ### Claim 32 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said modulator is an external modulator for modulating only said combined output signal. ### Claim 33 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein both of said first optical signal and said second optical signal are unmodulated by a baseband signal before said coupler combines said first and second optical signals to produce said combined output signal. ### Claim 34 A transmission system comprising: (A) a transmitter station comprising, (1) a dual optical signal generator producing a first optical signal and a second optical signal respectively, wherein said first optical signal is offset in frequency from said second optical signal by a difference frequency, (2) a coupler for receiving said first and second optical signals and combining said first and second optical signals to produce a combined output signal, wherein both of said first optical signal and said second optical signal are unmodulated by a baseband signal before said coupler combines said first and second optical signals; (3) an external modulator for modulating, in accordance with a baseband signal, said combined output signal; (B) an optical fiber having one end coupled to said combined output signal; and (C) a remote antenna station comprising, (1) a photodetector coupled to another end of said optical fiber for converting said combined output signal to an electrical signal, and (2) an antenna coupled to said electrical signal. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The system of claim 33 wherein said external modulator is an electro-optical phase modulator.