# US 5,710,514 A · Hydraulic cylinder piston position sensing with compensation for piston velocity > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,710,514 A - Document ID: US5710514A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/437,594 - Filed: 1995-05-09 - Granted: 1998-01-20 - Earliest claimed: 1995-05-09 - Assignees: Caterpillar Inc. - Inventors: John W. Crayton; Eric F. Lee; Denny Morgan; Dennis L. Schumacher - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5710514A ## CPC - F15B 15/2869: {using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. radar or microwaves} - F15B 15/28: Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke - G01D 3/022: {having an ideal characteristic, map or correction data stored in a digital memory} - G01D 5/48: using wave or particle radiation means (G01D5/26 takes precedence) - F15B: SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract A piston position sensing system in which tabulated resonance width related information is stored in a form correlated with piston travel so that measured resonance width information can be compared with the stored information in determining piston position and compensation for the velocity of the piston is provided by correction for a time difference in serial sensing between the initial and the following extremes of a resonance signal as the piston moves. the compensation is developed from velocity information identified through previous and current processing cycles which assures reliability in detection of the subsequently sensed portion of the resonance signal envelope and enhanced sensitivity and accuracy through automatic application incrementally in a dynamic gain adjustment of the sensing system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 In a hydraulic cylinder piston position sensing system of the type wherein electromagnetic wave resonance signals are correlated with the position of the piston, the improvement comprising: the compensation of measured resonance signal identification data by a velocity dependent to a first detected slope intercept period P1 of a said resonance signal. ### Claim 2 The process of establishing the piston position in a hydraulic cylinder piston position sensing system that employs resonance envelope signals as indicative of piston position comprising the steps: characterizing each cylinder by storing information in tabulated form correlated with piston travel, on at least one resonance width parameter value, for each piston position, introducing electromagnetic wave energy into the hydraulic fluid in said cylinder said electromagnetic wave energy varying in frequency through a range that includes all resonance frequencies of all positions of said piston, sensing resonance signals in said hydraulic fluid during travel of said piston; detecting the presence of at least one width parameter of at least one said resonance signal during travel of said piston; measuring at least said at least one width parameter of at least one resonance during said piston travel; compensating said measured resonance width parameter for piston velocity; and comparing at least one compensated measured resonance width parameter as the piston travels with at least one stored resonance width parameter and based on said comparison providing a piston position signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The improvement of claim 1 wherein said compensated measured signal identification data is used to calculate a compensated resonance width parameter. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The improvement of claim 1 wherein said compensated measured signal identification data is used to calculate piston position. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The improvement of claim 4 wherein a velocity compensated effective value for the center period of the resonance signals PeffV is calculated from compensated measured signal identification data. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The improvement of claim 1 wherein said velocity dependent correction is dependent on measured signal identification data of a previous processing cycle. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The improvement of claim 1 wherein said velocity compensation is dependent on the elapsed time of a processing cycle. ### Claim 8 (depends on 3) The improvement of claim 3 wherein said signal identification data are first and second detected slope intercept periods P1 and P2. ### Claim 9 (depends on 3) The improvement of claim 3 wherein said compensated resonance width parameter is determined from the ratio between a said second and a velocity corrected first detected slop intercept P2/P1V. ### Claim 10 (depends on 3) The improvement of claim 3 wherein said resonance width parameter is compared for any difference with a previously stored tabulated resonance width parameter value correlated with a piston position, said difference value forming a system adjustment signal for system gain adjustment at or about 1 dB per processing cycle rate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The improvement of claim 6 wherein measured signal identification data is at a reference level that corresponds to a system gain level that is about 5 dB lower than the peak region of said resonance signal. ### Claim 12 Apparatus for sensing the position of a piston in a hydraulic cylinder comprising in combination: storage means adapted for storing information on at least one resonance width parameter of a resonance in the hydraulic fluid in said cylinder; said storage means being further adapted to store said information in tabular form correlated with piston travel; transmitting means adapted for introducing electromagnetic wave energy at a first coupler into the hydraulic fluid in said cylinder between said piston and the end of said cylinder, said electromagnetic wave energy varying in frequency through a range that includes all resonance frequencies of all positions of said piston, receiving means adapted for sensing resonance signals delivered through a second coupler in said hydraulic fluid during travel of said piston; said receiving means being further adapted to detect the presence of at least one resonance width parameter related portion of at least one said resonance during travel of said piston; processing means adapted to measure at least one velocity compensated resonance width parameter at a reference level, of at least one resonance during said piston travel; and said processing means being further adapted to compare at least one measured resonance width parameter as the piston travels with at least one stored resonance width parameter and based on said comparison provide a piston position signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said velocity compensated resonance width parameter is developed employing present and immediately previously processed resonance width parameter information. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said reference level is below, on the gain scale of said system, the peak region of said resonance. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 including compensation for the velocity of said piston applied in said processing means to measured resonance signal identification data. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said compensation for velocity is a correction applied to said measured resonance signal identification data. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said resonance signal identification data are first and second detected slop intercept periods P1 and P2. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said processing means processes resonance information in cycles during piston travel and said velocity correction is an increment based on a previous processing cycle piston velocity value. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said resonance width parameter value is compared for any difference in value from a previously stored tabulated value corresponding to the same piston position, said difference in value forming a system adjustment signal to be applied to the gain of said system. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said adjustment is applied at an about 1 dB per processing cycle rate. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said resonance width parameter is measured at a gain level that is typically about 5 dB lower than the peak region of said resonance. ### Claim 22 (depends on 2) The process of claim 2 wherein said compensating step there is included the step of: introducing piston velocity compensation in said measured width parameter by calculating a piston velocity correction based piston velocity in an immediate previous processing cycle and adding the correction value to an average based value derived from said resonance width parameter. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The process of claim 22 including the step of: attenuating the gain of said piston position sensing system based on a difference between a piston velocity compensated measured resonance width parameter signal value for a piston position, with a resonance width parameter signal value for the same piston position stored during said characterization step. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The process of claim 23 including the step of: applying the gain attenuating signal based on said difference at a 1 dB per processing cycle rate.