# US 5,710,495 A · Apparatus and method for measuring average motor current

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- Number: US 5,710,495 A
- Document ID: US5710495A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/702,416
- Filed: 1996-08-14
- Granted: 1998-01-20
- Earliest claimed: 1996-08-14
- Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated
- Inventors: Dale J. Skelton
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5710495A

## CPC

- G01R 19/0092: {Measuring current only}
- H02P 7/29: using pulse modulation
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS

## Abstract

Apparatus and method (10, 40) for measuring an average motor current in a pulse width modulation driven motor are provided. A sensor (20) is coupled to the motor to measure a motor winding current. A first current source (26) generates a first current generally proportional to the motor winding current. A second current substantially proportional to a chopped output voltage is also produced and subtracted from the first current. A circuitry (28) receives the difference between the first and second currents and generates an output voltage indicative of the average motor current. The output voltage is chopped by a circuit (32, 34) that produces a waveform at substantially the same duty cycle and phase as the pulse width modulation waveform driving the motor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Apparatus for measuring an average motor current of a motor regulated by a power switch switching at a predetermined duty cycle, comprising:
a sensor coupled to said motor measuring a switch current through said power switch;
a first current source coupled to said sensor and generating a first current substantially proportional to said switch current;
a second current source coupled to said first current source and generating a second current substantially proportional to a chopped output voltage;
first circuitry receiving a difference between said first and second currents and generating an output voltage indicative of said average motor current at an output node in response thereto; and
second circuitry coupled to said second current source for chopping said output voltage into said chopped output voltage having the same predetermined duty cycle as said power switch.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein an average of said output voltage is: ##EQU2## where V.sub.OUT(AVG) is the average output voltage, R.sub.S is a voltage drop across said sensor, I.sub.M(AVG) is the average motor current, and GAIN is a loop gain of the apparatus, which is much greater than one.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first and second current sources have matched transconductances.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second circuit comprises:
a first switch being coupled between said second current source and said output node of said first circuitry;
a second switch being coupled between said second current source and ground; and
said first switch closing only when said power switch is on, and said second switch closing only when said power switch is off.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said sensor includes a resistor.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first circuitry is a current to voltage converter.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first circuitry includes an operational amplifier receiving said difference between said first and second currents at an inverting input.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein an average of said output voltage is: ##EQU3## where V.sub.OUT(AVG) is the average output voltage, R.sub.S is a voltage drop across said sensor, I.sub.M(AVG) is the average motor current, D is the duty cycle of said power switch, Z.sub.F is a feedback impedance of said first circuitry, and g.sub.m is a matched transconductance of said first and second current sources.

### Claim 9

Apparatus for measuring an average motor current in a motor driven in a pulse width modulation configuration by a PWM waveform, comprising:
a sense resistor coupled to said motor for measuring a motor winding current flowing through said motor;
a first current source coupled to said sense resistor generating a first current being proportional to said motor winding current;
a current to voltage converter receiving said first current and generating an output voltage indicative of said average motor current in response thereto;
circuitry for chopping said output voltage at substantially the same frequency and phase as said PWM waveform;
a second current source coupled to said chopping circuitry and said first current to voltage converter for generating a second current being proportional to said chopped output voltage; and
said current to voltage converter receiving a difference between said first and second currents.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 9, wherein an average of said output voltage is: ##EQU4## where V.sub.OUT(AVG) is the average output voltage, R.sub.S is a voltage drop across said sense resistor, I.sub.M(AVG) is the average motor current, and GAIN is a loop gain of the apparatus, which is much greater than one.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 9, wherein said first and second current sources have matched transconductances.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 9, wherein said first circuitry includes an operational amplifier receiving said difference between said first and second currents at an inverting input.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The apparatus, as set forth in claim 9, wherein an average of said output voltage is:
V.sub.OUT(AVG =R.sub.S *I.sub.M(AVG)
where V.sub.OUT(AVG) is the average output Voltage, R.sub.S is a voltage drop across said sense resistor, I.sub.M(AVG) is the average motor current, D is the duty cycle of said PWM waveform, Z.sub.F is a feedback impedance of said current to voltage converter, and g.sub.m is a matched transconductance of said first and second current sources.

### Claim 14

A method for measuring an average motor current through a motor driven by a pulse width modulation waveform, comprising:
sensing a motor winding current;
generating a first current being proportional to said sensed motor winding current;
generating a second current being proportional to a chopped output voltage having substantially the same frequency and phase as said pulse width modulation waveform;
subtracting said first and second currents and converting to an output voltage indicative of said average motor current;
chopping said output voltage at substantially the same rate and time as said pulse width modulation waveform for generating said second current.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said output voltage is equal to an average voltage: ##EQU5## where V.sub.OUT(AVG) is the average output voltage, R.sub.S is a voltage drop across a sense resistor used to detect said motor winding current, I.sub.M(AVG) is the average motor current, and GAIN is a loop gain, which is much greater than one.