# US 5,708,664 A · Statistical multiplexing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,708,664 A - Document ID: US5708664A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/700,877 - Filed: 1996-08-21 - Granted: 1998-01-13 - Earliest claimed: 1995-08-22 - Assignees: Digi-Media Vision Ltd. - Inventors: Michael Richard Joseph Budge; Robert Julian Stedman; Jonathan Paul Jordan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5708664A ## CPC - H04N 21/4347: {Demultiplexing of several video streams} - H04J 3/1688: {the demands of the users being taken into account after redundancy removal, e.g. by predictive coding, by variable sampling (reducing bandwidth of signals in general H04B1/66; in PCM-systems H04B14/046; removal of redundancy in telegraph communication H03M7/30)} - H04N 19/115: Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding - H04N 19/154: Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion (use of rate-distortion criteria H04N19/147) - H04N 19/172: the region being a picture, frame or field - H04N 19/182: the unit being a pixel - H04N 19/61: in combination with predictive coding - H04N 21/234354: {by altering signal-to-noise ratio parameters, e.g. requantization} - H04N 21/2365: Multiplexing of several video streams - H04N 21/23655: {Statistical multiplexing, e.g. by controlling the encoder to alter its bitrate to optimize the bandwidth utilization} - H04N 21/2385: Channel allocation (H04N21/266 takes precedence); Bandwidth allocation (H04N21/24 takes precedence {; allocation of channels according to the instantaneous demands of the users in time-division multiplex systems H04J3/1682; admission control, resource allocation in open networks H04L12/5692; arrangements for maintenance or administration in data switching networks involving bandwidth and capacity management H04L41/0896; negotiating bandwidth in wireless networks H04W28/16}) - H04N 19/146: Data rate or code amount at the encoder output - H04N 19/152: by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION - H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S) ## Abstract A transmitter for transmitting a plurality of digital signals through a plurality of channels, the channels having a predetermined total allocated bitrate, includes a plurality of encoders each associated with one channel, a multiplexer for receiving the encoded digital signals and for transmitting the encoded signals as a stream of data, and operable for adjusting the distribution of the bitrate allocation between and among the encoded signals, and a processing device for providing an indication of a target quality and an actual quality for each channel and for causing the multiplexer to repeatedly adjust the distribution of the bitrate allocation in response to differences between the indicated actual quality and the indicated target quality for each channel so as to equalize differences between the actual and target quality across at least some of the channels. By grouping encoders together in "statistical multiplex groups", and making real time decisions about the bitrate requirements for those encoders, bitrate can be allocated to maximize picture quality for the group. For a variety of different picture sources in a statistical multiplex group, to achieve a target picture quality the bitrate requirements of each will vary with coding difficulty. Thus, a channel within the statistical multiplex group that is experiencing little difficulty in encoding its picture can free bits to channels that are having greater difficulty. The effect is to smooth the picture quality and subjectively improve it. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of transmitting a plurality of digital signals through a plurality of channels, the channels collectively having a predetermined total allocated bitrate, the method comprising: encoding each of the plural digital signals to produce a plurality of encoded signals; multiplexing the plural encoded signals; adjusting a distribution of bitrate allocation between the plural channels in response to a control system; providing to the control system an indication of a target quality for each of the plural channels; providing in the control system an indication of the actual quality of each of the plural channels; and repeatedly adjusting the distribution of the bitrate allocation between and among the plural channels in response to differences between the indicated actual quality and the indicated target quality for each channel so as to substantially equalize the differences between the actual and target quality across at least some of the channels. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising grouping the plural channels into a group, assigning a bitrate to the group, and varying the individual bitrates of each channel in the group so that a sum of the individual bitrates of the plural channels in the group approximates the assigned bitrate. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the encoding step comprises encoding the digital signals with an encoder having an adjustable bitrate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the digital signals as digital television signals. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, further comprising providing each of the digital television signals as a data stream representing a plurality of frames. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, further comprising carrying out the repeatedly adjusting step at least once every frame. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of providing an indication of actual and of target quality respectively comprise providing an indication of actual picture quality and of target picture quality. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, further comprising defining for each said channel an achievable picture quality, and wherein said repeatedly adjusting step further comprises defining for each said channel a ratio of the achievable picture quality to the target picture quality for said each channel, and wherein said ratio is at least substantially identical for said plural channels. ### Claim 9 A transmitter operable for transmitting a plurality of digital signals through a plurality of channels, the channels having a predetermined total allocated bitrate, comprising: a plurality of encoders, one of said encoders being associated with each of the plural channels for receiving a digital signal and for providing an encoded digital signal; a multiplexer for receiving the encoded digital signals and for transmitting the encoded signals as a stream of data, and operative for adjusting a distribution of bitrate allocation among and between the plural encoded signals; and processing means for defining a target quality and an actual quality for each channel and for causing the multiplexer to repeatedly adjust the distribution of the bitrate allocation in response to differences between the actual quality and the target quality for each channel so as to substantially equalize the differences between the actual and target quality across at least some of the channels. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The transmitter of claim 9, wherein said plurality of encoders define an encoder group to which an assigned bitrate is assigned, and wherein said processing means is operative for causing the multiplexer to vary the individual bitrates of each said encoder in the group so that a sum of the individual bitrates of the plural encoders in the group approximates the assigned bitrate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The transmitter of claim 9, wherein each said encoder has an adjustable bitrate. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The transmitter of claim 10, wherein the assigned group bitrate requires a maximum achievable input to the multiplexer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The transmitter of claim 10, wherein said processing means is further operative for causing the multiplexer to individually control each said encoder in the group to provide, for a respective one of the channels, a quality as close as possible to the target quality for the respective channel and without compromising the actual qualities of the channels associated with others of said encoders in the group. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The transmitter of claim 9, wherein the digital signals comprise digital television signals and the actual and target qualities comprise actual and target picture qualities. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The transmitter of claim 9, wherein said processing means comprises a multiplexing control computer. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The transmitter of claim 15, wherein said processing means further comprises a communications network through which the multiplexer interfaces with said plural encoders. ### Claim 17 A statistical multiplexer for a transmitter, comprising: a multiplexer for receiving a plurality of encoded signals from a plurality of encoders each associated with a signal channel and for transmitting the encoded signals a stream of data, and operable for adjusting a distribution of bitrate allocation between and among the plural encoded signals; and processing means for defining a target quality and an actual quality for each channel and for causing the multiplexer to repeatedly adjust the distribution of the bitrate allocation in response to differences between the actual quality and the target quality for each channel so as to substantially equalize the differences between the actual and target quality across at least some of the channels. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein said processing means is operable for defining a group of the plural encoders, for assigning a group bitrate to the group, and for varying the individual bitrates of each encoder in the group so that the sum of the individual bitrates of the plural encoders in the group approximates the assigned bitrate. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein each encoder has an adjustable bitrate. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The multiplexer of claim 18, wherein the assigned group bitrate comprises a maximum achievable input to the multiplexer. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The transmitter of claim 18, wherein said processing means is further operative for individually controlling each encoder in the group to provide for a respective one of the channels a quality as close as possible to the target quality for the respective channel and without compromising the actual qualities of the channels associated with others of said encoders in the group. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein the encoded digital signals comprise encoded television signals and the actual and target qualities comprise actual and target picture qualities. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The multiplexer of claim 17, wherein said processing means comprises a multiplexing control computer. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The multiplexer of claim 23, wherein said processing means further comprises a communications network connecting the multiplexer to the plural encoders.