# US 5,708,487 A · Transparent-scattering display device > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,708,487 A - Document ID: US5708487A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/618,934 - Filed: 1996-03-20 - Granted: 1998-01-13 - Earliest claimed: 1993-09-08 - Assignees: U.S. Philips Corporation - Inventors: Anthonie H. Bergman - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5708487A ## CPC - G02F 1/133615: {Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side} - G02F 1/1334: based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals - G02F 1/133502: {Antiglare, refractive index matching layers} - G02F 1/13439: {characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making} - G02F 1/133616: {Front illuminating devices} - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract A display device (1) has a display panel (2) which comprises a first substrate (6) on which a first picture electrode (11-27) is provided as well as a substantially parallel second substrate (7) on which a second picture electrode (20) is provided, both substrates (6, 7) sandwiching an electro-optical medium (8). Said electro-optical medium (8) is capable of switching between an at least substantially transparent state and a scattering state under the influence of an electric field. A transparent insulating layer (10) is provided between the first picture electrode (11-17) and the electro-optical medium (8), said insulating layer reflecting the light (30) which, at least during operation, is emitted by a light source (3) and sidelong captured by the panel (2), so that it does not reach the first picture electrode (11-17). ## Claims ### Claim 1 A display device, comprising a display panel, an insulating layer and a light source, the display panel having a first substrate provided with a first picture electrode and a second substrate provided with a second picture electrode, the first and second picture electrodes overlapping at least partly and the substrates sandwiching an electro-optical medium at least at the location of the overlap between the picture electrodes, said electro-optical medium being capable of switching between an at least substantially transparent state and a scattering state under the influence of an electric field, the insulating layer being provided between the first picture electrode and the electro-optical medium to form a first interface and having a lower refractive index than the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium, and the light source being disposed relative to the display panel so as to sidelong illuminate the display panel, at least during operation, the light of the light source captured by the display panel being incident on the first interface substantially at an angle which is smaller than a critical angle .alpha..sub.c, said critical angle .alpha..sub.c being defined as .alpha..sub.c =90-arcsin(n.sub.t /n.sub.j), where n.sub.t is the refractive index of the insulating layer and n.sub.j is the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium, wherein the second substrate and the ambient form a second interface and the light source is disposed relative to the display panel so that, at least during operation, the light of the light source captured by the display panel is incident on the second interface substantially at an angle which is smaller than the critical angle .alpha..sub.s, said critical angle .alpha..sub.s being defined as .alpha..sub.s =90-arcsin(n.sub.a /n.sub.s) where n.sub.a is the refractive index of the ambient, and n.sub.s is the refractive index of the second substrate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The display of claim 1, wherein the insulating layer is selected to have a refractive index substantially smaller than the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium so as to minimize the relative separation between the first and second interfaces. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The display device of claim 1, wherein the insulating layer is at least substantially transparent. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The display device of claim 1, wherein the insulating layer comprises a stack of layers. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The display device of claim 1, wherein the first picture electrode comprises an opaque, electrically relatively well-conducting material. ### Claim 6 A display device, comprising a display panel, an insulating layer and a light source, the display panel having a first substrate provided with a first picture electrode and a second substrate provided with a second picture electrode, the first and second picture electrodes overlapping at least partly and the substrates sandwiching an electro-optical medium at least at the location of the overlap between the picture electrodes, said electro-optical medium being capable of switching between an at least substantially transparent state and a scattering state under the influence of an electric field, the insulating layer being provided between the first picture electrode and the electro-optical medium to form a first interface and having a lower refractive index than the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium, and the light source being disposed relative to the display panel so as to sidelong illuminate the display panel, at least during operation, the light of the light source captured by the display panel being incident on the first interface substantially at an angle which is smaller than the critical angle .alpha..sub.c, said critical angle .alpha..sub.c being defined as .alpha..sub.c =90-arcsin(n.sub.t /n.sub.i), where n.sub.t is the refractive index of the insulating layer and n.sub.i is the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium, wherein the insulating layer is formed from at least one material selected from the group consisting of aluminum fluoride, silicon oxide or polytetrafluoroethylene. ### Claim 7 A display device, comprising a display panel, an insulating layer and a light source, the display panel having a first substrate provided with a first picture electrode and a second substrate provided with a second picture electrode, the first and second picture electrodes overlapping at least partly and the substrates sandwiching an electro-optical medium at least at the location of the overlap between the picture electrodes, said electro-optical medium being capable of switching between an at least substantially transparent state and a scattering state under the influence of an electric field, the insulating layer being provided between the first picture electrode and the electro-optical medium to form a first interface and having a lower refractive index than the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium, and the light source being disposed relative to the display panel so as to sidelong illuminate the display panel, at least during operation, the light of the light source captured by the display panel being incident on the first interface substantially at an angle which is smaller than the critical angle .alpha..sub.c, said critical angle .alpha..sub.c being defined as .alpha..sub.c =90-arcsin(n.sub.t /n.sub.i), where n.sub.t is the refractive index of the insulating layer and n.sub.i is the lowest refractive index of the electro-optical medium, wherein the first picture electrode is provided with a light-absorbing top coating on the side thereof facing the electro-optical medium, the first electrode comprising a sputtered material obtained at a first pressure and having selected thickness and the top coating comprising a subsequently sputtered material obtained at a second, increased pressure, and the top coating having a higher porosity than the first picture electrode. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The display device of claim 7, wherein the top coating has an increased porosity obtained by at least one of etching and partial oxidation.