# US 5,708,368 A · Method and apparatus for emulation of a linear variable differential transducer by a capacitive gaging system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,708,368 A - Document ID: US5708368A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/612,450 - Filed: 1996-03-07 - Granted: 1998-01-13 - Earliest claimed: 1996-03-07 - Assignees: ADE Corporation - Inventors: Roy E. Mallory - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5708368A ## CPC - G01D 5/2417: {by varying separation} - G01B 7/023: {for measuring distance between sensor and object (G01B7/082 and G01B7/102 take precedence)} - G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS ## Abstract A capacitive gaging system comprising a capacitive displacement sensor and an interface circuit is used to replace a Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT). An output of the capacitive displacement sensor is modified by the interface circuit which provides an output signal or signals representative of different types of LVDT outputs. The capacitive displacement sensor and the interface circuit can then be used to replace the LVDT in an LVDT measurement system. Accordingly, the capacitive displacement sensor and the interface circuit replace the LVDT without replacing the rest of the measurement system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of emulating an output signal of a linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) including the steps of: providing an output signal from a capacitive displacement sensor; modifying said output signal of said capacitive displacement sensor to provide an emulated LVDT signal; and providing said emulated LVDT signal to an LVDT conditioning circuit. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the step of modifying said output signal of said capacitive gaging system comprises: producing an intermediate signal by multiplying said output signal of said capacitive gaging system by a scale factor; and subtracting a scaled excitation signal from said intermediate signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the step of modifying said output signal of said capacitive gaging system comprises: producing a first digital signal by converting said output signal through an A/D converter; producing a second digital signal by modifying said first digital signal through a digital transformation circuit; converting said second digital signal into an analog signal by a D/A converter. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said emulated LVDT signal comprises two sinusoidal phase-locked outputs. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said emulated LVDT signal comprises a single ended out-of-phase output. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said emulated LVDT signal comprises a ground reference differential output. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said emulated LVDT signal comprises a dual differential output. ### Claim 8 An apparatus for emulating an LVDT sensor output comprising: a capacitive displacement sensor; and an interface circuit, said interface circuit receiving an output signal from said capacitive displacement sensor, said interface circuit converting said output signal from said capacitive displacement sensor into an interface circuit output signal emulating an LVDT sensor output signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit output signal comprises a single ended out of phase signal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit output signal comprises two sinusoidal phase-locked signals. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit output signal comprises a ground reference differential output. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit output signal comprises a dual differential output. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit comprises: an inverter, said inverter receiving an excitation voltage from said capacitive displacement sensor, said inverter providing an inverted excitation signal; and an operational amplifier configured as an inverting summing amplifier, said operational amplifier receiving said inverted excitation signal through a first resistor at an inverting input, said operational amplifier receiving an output provided by said capacitive displacement sensor through a second resistor at said inverting input, said operational amplifier having its non-inverting input grounded, said operational amplifier having a feedback resistor between an output and said inverting input, said operational amplifier providing an output signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit comprises: an inverter, said inverter receiving an excitation voltage from said capacitive displacement sensor, said inverter providing an inverted excitation signal; a first operational amplifier configured as an inverting summing amplifier, said first operational amplifier receiving said inverted excitation signal through a first resistor at an inverting input, said first operational amplifier receiving an output provided by said capacitive displacement sensor through a second resistor at said inverting input, said first operational amplifier having its non-inverting input grounded, said first operational amplifier having a first feedback resistor between an output and said inverting input, said first operational amplifier providing a first output signal; and a second operational amplifier configured as an inverting summing amplifier, said second operational amplifier receiving said excitation signal through a third resistor at an inverting input, said second operational amplifier receiving an output provided by said first operational amplifier through a fourth resistor at said inverting input, said second operational amplifier having its non-inverting input grounded, said second operational amplifier having a second feedback resistor between an output and said inverting input, said second operational amplifier providing a second output signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit comprises: an inverter, said inverter receiving an excitation voltage from said capacitive displacement sensor, said inverter providing an inverted excitation signal; a first operational amplifier configured as an inverting summing amplifier, said first operational amplifier receiving said inverted excitation signal through a first resistor at an inverting input, said first operational amplifier receiving an output provided by said capacitive displacement sensor through a second resistor at said inverting input, said first operational amplifier having its non-inverting input grounded, said first operational amplifier having a first feedback resistor between an output and said inverting input, said first operational amplifier providing a first output signal; a second operational amplifier configured as an inverting summing amplifier, said second operational amplifier receiving said excitation signal through a third resistor at an inverting input, said second operational amplifier receiving an output provided by said first operational amplifier through a fourth resistor at said inverting input, said second operational amplifier having its non-inverting input grounded, said second operational amplifier having a second feedback resistor between an output and said inverting input, said second operational amplifier providing an intermediate signal; and a second inverter, said second inverter receiving said intermediate signal at an input, said second inverter providing a second output signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said interface circuit comprises: an A/D converter, said A/D converter receiving said capacitive displacement output and providing a first digital signal; a digital transformation circuit, said digital transformation circuit modifying said first digital signal, said digital transformation circuit providing a second digital signal; and a D/A converter, said D/A converter receiving said second digital signal, said D/A converter providing an analog output signal. ### Claim 17 A measurement system comprising: a capacitive displacement sensor; an interface circuit, said interface circuit communicating with said capacitive displacement sensor and providing an interface circuit output signal emulating an LVDT sensor output signal; an LVDT conditioning circuit, said LVDT conditioning circuit in communication with said interface circuit output signal emulating an LVDT sensor output signal; and an LVDT back-end, said LVDT back-end in communication with said LVDT conditioning circuit. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said LVDT back-end comprises a logic controller. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said LVDT back-end comprises a process control system. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said LVDT back-end comprises a part selection and classification system. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said LVDT back-end comprises a quality selection system. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said LVDT back-end comprises a computer. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17 wherein said LVDT back-end comprises a system providing an output in human readable form.