# US 5,708,352 A · A.C. Generator for vehicles

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- Number: US 5,708,352 A
- Document ID: US5708352A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/756,514
- Filed: 1996-11-26
- Granted: 1998-01-13
- Earliest claimed: 1993-12-07
- Assignees: Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Atsushi Umeda; Masatoshi Togawa; Junji Kawai; Hirohide Sato; Norihito Tokura
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5708352A

## CPC

- H10D 30/668: {having trench gate electrodes, e.g. UMOS transistors}
- B60L 50/10: using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- H02J 7/1492: {by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery}
- H02J 7/2434: {with pulse modulation}
- H02J 7/70: characterised by the mechanical construction
- H02P 9/305: {controlling voltage (H02P9/302 takes precedence)}
- H02P 9/38: Self-excitation by current derived from rectification of both output voltage and output current of generator
- H02P 9/48: Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle (H02P9/04 - H02P9/46 take precedence)
- H02J 2105/33: exchanging power with road vehicles
- H02P 2101/45: for motor vehicles, e.g. car alternators
- H10D 62/8325: {Silicon carbide}
- Y02T 10/64: Electric machine technologies in electromobility
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
- Y02T 10/92: Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
- H10D: INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

An alternating current generator for motor vehicles having an extremely small power loss and which can be simply cooled includes a power converter having at least either high side semiconductor power elements or low side semiconductor elements. The high side power elements connect an output terminal of the armature coil to a high potential terminal of the battery; the low side semiconductor power elements connect an output terminal of the armature coil to a low potential terminal of the battery. The power converter converts the alternating current generated voltage of the armature coil into a direct current voltage to supply electricity to the battery. An exciting current controller includes a switching transistor for controlling an exciting current to a field coil. The semiconductor power elements in the power converter and/or the switching transistor in the exciting current controller are/is formed of SiC material, which is a compound of Si and C, having a resistivity smaller than that of pure Si.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An engine-driven alternating current generator for a motor vehicle comprising:
an armature coil wound around an iron core of said generator for generating an alternating current generated voltage, said armature coil having an output terminal;
a battery for supplying power to an electrical system of said motor vehicle, said battery having a high potential terminal and a low potential terminal;
a power converter having at least one of high side semiconductor power elements and low side semiconductor power elements, said high side semiconductor power elements connecting said output terminal of said armature coil to said high potential terminal of said battery, said low side semiconductor power elements connecting said output terminal of said armature coil to said low potential terminal of said battery, said power converter converting said alternating current generated voltage into a direct current voltage for supplying to said battery;
a field coil for generating a magnetic flux to said armature coil; and
an exciting current controller having a switching transistor for controlling an exciting current to said field coil;
at least one of said high side and low side semiconductor power elements in said power converter and said switching transistor in said exciting current controller including a MOS transistor structure;
said MOS transistor structure including a withstand voltage layer; and
a material of said MOS transistor structure being a compound of Si and C (SIC) such that said withstand voltage layer has a resistivity smaller than that of a MOS transistor structure which is formed of only Si, while ensuring a same withstand voltage.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
said withstand voltage layer of said MOS transistor structure of SiC has a withstand voltage of at least 100V between a source and a drain of said MOS transistor structure.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
said generator includes a three-phase armature coil having three output terminals;
said power converter has at least one of high side MOS power transistors as said semiconductor power elements of SiC and low side MOS power transistors as said semiconductor power elements of SiC;
said high side MOS power transistors being connected in parallel between said three output terminals of said three-phase armature coil and said high potential terminal of said battery, respectively; and
said low side MOS power transistors being connected in parallel between said three output terminals of said three-phase armature coil and said low potential terminal of said battery, respectively.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
said high side semiconductor power elements and said low side semiconductor power elements are all MOS power transistors;
said power converter includes both said high side semiconductor power elements and said low side semiconductor power elements; and
at least one of said high side semiconductor power elements and said low side semiconductor power elements are formed of SiC.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, wherein:
said power converter includes both said high side semiconductor power elements and said low side semiconductor power elements; and
one of said high side semiconductor power elements and said low side semiconductor power elements being MOS power transistors of SiC and the other being PN-junction diodes.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for motor vehicles according to any one of claims 3 through 5, wherein said MOS power transistor includes:
an N.sup.+ -type SiC substrate acting as a source electrode where a current flowing through said MOS power transistor flows out;
an N-type withstand voltage layer disposed on said substrate as said withstand voltage layer;
a P-type well region disposed on a surface portion of said N-type withstand voltage layer;
an N.sup.+ -type drain region disposed on a surface portion of said P-type well region acting as a drain electrode where said current flowing through said MOS power transistor flows thereinto; and
a gate electrode disposed on a surface portion of said P-type well region between said N.sup.+ -type drain region and said N-type withstand voltage layer with an insulating film interposed therebetween;
said gate electrode forming an N-channel at said surface portion of said P-type well region between said N.sup.+ -type drain region and said N-type withstand voltage layer; and
said N.sup.+ -type drain region and said P-type well region being electrically short-circuited.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 6, wherein:
said generator includes a three-phase armature coil having three output terminals;
said high side semiconductor power elements are said MOS power transistors;
said MOS power transistors are integrated on a single chip such that said substrate is provided for a common source of said MOS power transistors;
each phase P-type well region of said MOS power transistors is individually formed on said substrate;
each phase N.sup.+ -type drain region of said MOS power transistors is individually formed on said surface portion of each P-type well region; and
each phase gate electrode is individually arranged on a surface portion of each P-type well region for forming a channel that allows each drain region and said withstand voltage layer to conduct electricity.

### Claim 8 (depends on 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 3 through 5, wherein:
said power converter is mounted on a common substrate with a voltage regulating circuit for controlling switching of said MOS power transistors in said power converter.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
said power converter acts as one of a full wave rectifier and a half wave rectifier.

### Claim 10 (depends on 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for motor vehicles according to any one of claims 3 through 5, wherein said switching transistor in said exciting current controller comprises:
a MOS power transistor;
said MOS power transistors in said power converter and said switching transistor in said exciting current controller being formed of a single crystal SiC material.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 10, wherein:
said switching transistor in said exciting current controller is integrated on a common SiC chip with one of said high side and low side MOS power transistors in said power converter.

### Claim 12 (depends on 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 3 through 5, wherein:
said power converter including said MOS power transistors is disposed on a housing of said generator.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
said switching transistor in said exciting current controller is disposed separate from a control circuit portion of said exciting current controller.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 10, wherein:
said switching transistor in said exciting current controller is disposed on a same radiating fin as said semiconductor power elements in said power converter.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
said semiconductor power elements in said power converter and said switching transistor in said exciting current controller are disposed on a housing of said generator.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to claim 13, wherein:
said control circuit portion of said exciting current controller is disposed outside of said generator to control said switching transistor disposed inside said generator.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
said power converter and said exciting current controller are housed in a same case and are disposed on a housing of said generator.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
an MOS transistor causing a circulating current to flow through said field coil is connected in parallel with said field coil; and
said MOS transistor is integrated on a same SiC material chip as said switching transistor in said exciting current controller.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
said MOS transistor structure has a vertical type structure having a source and a drain thereof vertically arranged with said withstand voltage layer interposed therebetween, and has a trench gate structure which includes a trench, a gate insulation film of a thermal oxide film formed at least on a sidewall of said trench, and a gate electrode buried in said trench.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein:
said withstand voltage layer of said MOS transistor structure has a thickness of approximately 4 .mu.m with a breakdown voltage of approximately 300V.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

An alternating current generator for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
said withstand voltage layer of said MOS transistor structure has a thickness T which is set by a following equation:
T=4(.mu.m)/300(V).times.BV
wherein BV is a required breakdown voltage.