# US 5,706,192 A · Antiphase switching in arrays of globally coupled oscillators > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,706,192 A - Document ID: US5706192A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/558,430 - Filed: 1995-11-16 - Granted: 1998-01-06 - Earliest claimed: 1995-11-16 - Assignees: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy - Inventors: Ira B. Schwartz; Kwok Yeung Tsang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5706192A ## CPC - H03B 27/00: Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs - H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H) ## Abstract A method and apparatus for accessing anti-phase states in a nonlinear system by globally coupling an array of oscillators. For N number of oscillators in the system, there are (N-1)| anti-phase (AP) states in phase space. AP states exist where each waveform is staggered out-of-phase with every other wave form. The system is controlled between AP states by means of a linear parameter and a hyper-switch. In an out-of-phase (OP) state the orbit remains on a basin boundary between or among AP states. As the linear parameter is decreased to a specific value, the orbit leaves the basin boundary and enters a canonical invariant region (CIR) towards an attractor. Each CIR contains one AP state and one attractor. Once the orbit has reached an attractor within the CIR it shall remain there until the linear parameter is increased and system again becomes unstable. Accordingly, by controlling the bias current in the system, the orbit may remain on the basin boundary until such time as the bias current is altered and forces the orbit into an invariant region thereby attaining an AP state. Furthermore, if the orbit is in a CIR, the bias current may be adjusted so that the system becomes unstable and returns to the basin boundary. This method of accessing different AP states in a system of globally coupled oscillators uses a hyperswitch together with control and release techniques for switching between or among AP states by pulsing a linear parameter. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for accessing anti-phase states in a nonlinear system, comprising: an array of globally coupled oscillators capable of generating a signal; a means for controlling an orbit on a basin boundary by means of a linear parameter; a means for releasing said orbit from said basin boundary to a canonical invariant region; and a means for controlling and releasing a saddle on a basin boundary between canonical invariant regions. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said controlling and releasing means being a hyper-switch. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said hyperswitch continuously adjusts the linear parameter between said basin boundary and said canonical invariant regions at discrete time intervals. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said basin boundary being an out-of-phase state. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, where said canonical invariant regions is anti-phase states and further comprising an attractor therein. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said linear parameter is a bias current. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said non-linear system comprising at least three oscillators. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is Josephson Junctions. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is optical waveguides. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is coupled semi-conductors. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is multi-mode lasers. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is neural networks. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a group of neurons form an individual oscillator. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is semi-conductor lasers. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators is solid-state lasers. ### Claim 16 A method of accessing anti-phase states in a nonlinear system, comprising the steps of: globally coupling an array of oscillators capable of generating a signal; controlling an orbit on a basin boundary among anti-phase states by means of a linear parameter; releasing said orbit from the basin boundary to an anti-phase state in a canonical invariant region; and a means for switching said orbit between an anti-phase state in a canonical invariant region and said basin boundary. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said linear parameter being a bias current. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein each canonical invariant region comprises a single anti-phase state. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the anti-phase state in the canonical invariant region further comprises an attractor therein. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said switching means being a hyper-switch. ### Claim 21 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said switching means being independent of said nonlinear system. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being Josephson Junctions. ### Claim 23 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being optical waveguides. ### Claim 24 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being coupled semi-conductors. ### Claim 25 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being multi-mode lasers. ### Claim 26 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being neural networks. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, wherein groups of neurons form individual oscillators. ### Claim 28 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being semi-conductor lasers. ### Claim 29 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said array of globally coupled oscillators being solid state lasers. ### Claim 30 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said nonlinear system having a minimum of three oscillators. ### Claim 31 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein said switching means continuously adjusts said linear parameter between said basin boundary and said canonical invariant region at discrete time intervals.