# US 5,706,117 A · Drive circuit for electro-absorption optical modulator and optical transmitter including the optical modulator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,706,117 A - Document ID: US5706117A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/570,406 - Filed: 1995-12-11 - Granted: 1998-01-06 - Earliest claimed: 1995-05-18 - Assignees: Fujitsu Limited - Inventors: Keisuke Imai; Setsuo Misaizu; Mitsuharu Noda; Hiroshi Yamada - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5706117A ## CPC - H04B 10/25137: {using pulse shaping at the transmitter, e.g. pre-chirping or dispersion supported transmission [DST]} - G02F 1/0123: {Circuits for the control or stabilisation of the bias voltage, e.g. automatic bias control [ABC] feedback loops} - G02F 1/0157: {using electro-absorption effects, e.g. Franz-Keldysh [FK] effect or quantum confined stark effect [QCSE]} - H01S 5/0265: {Intensity modulators (intra-cavity modulators H01S5/0625)} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS - H01S: DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL ## Abstract An optical transmitter including a light source for outputting a carrier light, an electro-absorption optical modulator for absorbing the carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light, a device for applying an offset voltage to the optical modulator so that the applied voltage enters a region where the generation of the carrier light in the light source is stable, and a device for receiving an input signal to superimpose a modulation signal corresponding to the input signal on the offset voltage. This optical transmitter prevents wavelength chirping of the light source due to residual reflection in the optical modulator to thereby allow improvement in waveform. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An optical transmitter comprising: a light source supplied with a drive current to generate a carrier light having an intensity corresponding to said drive current; an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving said carrier light and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light; bias means for applying an offset voltage to said optical modulator; modulation signal generating means for receiving an input signal to superimpose a modulation signal corresponding to said input signal on said offset voltage; wherein said light source includes a laser diode having a front surface and a back surface; and said carrier light comprises a forward light emitted from said front surface and a backward light emitted from said back surface; said optical transmitter further comprising: a photodector for receiving said backward light to output an electric signal having a level corresponding to the intensity of said backward light; and means for controlling said drive current so that the level of said electric signal becomes constant. ### Claim 2 An optical transmitter comprising: a light source supplied with a drive current to generate a carrier light having an intensity corresponding to said drive current; an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving said carrier light and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light; bias means for applying an offset voltage to said optical modulator; modulation signal generating means for receiving an input signal to superimpose a modulation signal corresponding to said input signal on said offset voltage; said bias means includes a variable current source operatively connected to said optical modulator; said input signal comprises a first signal and a second signal as an inversion signal of said first signal; and said modulation signal generating means includes a differential pair of switching elements having first and second ports supplied with said first and second signals, respectively, and having an output port operatively connected to said optical modulator, and a constant current source operatively connected to said differential pair. ### Claim 3 An optical transmitter comprising: a light source supplied with a drive current to generate a carrier light having an intensity corresponding to said drive current; an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving said carrier light and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light; bias means for applying an offset voltage to said optical modulator; modulation signal generating means for receiving an input signal to superimpose a modulation signal corresponding to said input signal on said offset voltage; wherein said bias means includes; means for detecting an average of a current generated in said optical modulator by absorption of said carrier light; and means for controlling said offset voltage so that said average detected becomes constant. ### Claim 4 An optical transmitter comprising: a laser diode having first and second terminals for supply of a drive current, for generating a carrier light having an intensity corresponding to said drive current; an electro-absorption optical modulator comprising a semiconductor chip monolithically integrated with said laser diode and having third and fourth terminals, for absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage supplied between said third and fourth terminals to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light; first and second individual leads connected to said first and third terminals, respectively; a common lead connected to said second and fourth terminals; and a capacitor connected between said first and second terminals. ### Claim 5 An optical transmitter comprising: a laser diode having first and second terminals for supply of a drive current, for generating a carrier light having an intensity corresponding to said drive current; an electro-absorption optical modulator comprising a semiconductor chip monolithically integrated with said laser diode and having third and fourth terminals, for absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage supplied between said third and fourth terminals to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light; first and second individual leads connected to said first and third terminals, respectively; a common lead for connecting said second and fourth terminals to a ground; and a resistor and a capacitor connected in series and provided between said first individual lead and said ground. ### Claim 6 An optical transmitter comprising: a light source supplied with a drive current to generate a carrier light having an intensity corresponding to said drive current; an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving said carrier light and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light; bias means for applying an offset voltage to said optical modulator; modulation signal generating means for receiving an input signal to superimpose a modulation signal corresponding to said input signal on said offset voltage; means for detecting an average of a current generated in said optical modulator by absorption of said carrier light; and means for controlling said drive current so that said average detected becomes constant. ### Claim 7 A drive circuit for an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving a carrier light from a light source and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light, comprising: means having first and second input ports supplied with a digital input signal and a reference signal, respectively, for generating a duty-converted input signal obtained by changing a duty of said digital input signal according to said reference signal; modulation signal generating means for generating a modulation signal according to said duty-converted input signal, applying said modulation signal as a change in said applied voltage to said optical modulator, and outputting an inversion signal of said modulation signal; average detecting means for receiving said inversion signal, detecting an average of said inversion signal, and outputting said average detected; and means operatively connected to said average detecting means and said second input port, for controlling said reference signal so that said average detected becomes a constant value. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein said constant value is set so that a duty of said signal light comes into coincidence with the duty of said digital input signal. ### Claim 9 A drive circuit for an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving a carrier light from a light source and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light, comprising: means having first and second input ports supplied with a digital input signal and a reference signal, respectively, for generating a duty-converted input signal obtained by changing a duty of said digital input signal according to said reference signal; modulation signal generating means for generating a modulation signal according to said duty-converted input signal and applying said modulation signal as a change in said applied voltage to said optical modulator; average detecting means for detecting an average of a current generated in said optical modulator by absorption of said carrier light; and means operatively connected to said average detecting means and said second input port, for controlling said reference signal so that said average becomes a constant value. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A drive circuit according to claim 9, wherein said constant value is set so that a duty of said signal light comes into coincidence with the duty of said digital input signal. ### Claim 11 A drive circuit for an electro-absorption optical modulator for receiving a carrier light from a light source and absorbing said carrier light according to an applied voltage to thereby output an intensity-modulated signal light, comprising: a terminating resistor connected to said optical modulator, for generating said applied voltage by a voltage drop in said terminating resistor; and a source grounding circuit having a field effect transistor having a gate supplied with a digital input signal and a drain operatively connected to said optical modulator and said terminating resistor; wherein a characteristic showing a relation between a drain current and a gate/source voltage in said field effect transistor is substantially opposite to a characteristic showing a relation between an optical output and an applied voltage in said optical modulator. ### Claim 12 An optical transmitter comprising: a light source; means for supplying a drive current to said light source so that an intensity-modulated signal light is output from said light source; an electro-absorption optical element through which said signal light is passed; peak detecting means and average detecting means for detecting a peak and an average of a current generated in said electro-absorption optical element by absorption of said signal light, respectively; and means for performing computation according to said peak and said average detected, and feeding back a result of said computation to said drive current so that a waveform of said signal light becomes stable. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) An optical transmitter according to claim 12, wherein said computation includes obtaining a difference between a value twice said average and said peak.