# US 5,705,914 A · Overvoltage detecting apparatus for combination battery

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- Number: US 5,705,914 A
- Document ID: US5705914A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/756,637
- Filed: 1996-11-26
- Granted: 1998-01-06
- Earliest claimed: 1995-12-04
- Assignees: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Koji Morita
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5705914A

## CPC

- B60L 3/0069: {relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current}
- B60L 3/0023: {Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train}
- G01R 15/04: Voltage dividers
- H01M 10/46: Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus (circuits for charging H02J7/00)
- H02J 7/54: Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
- G01R 19/16542: {for batteries (charge condition monitoring in G01R31/36)}
- G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An overvoltage detecting apparatus for a combination battery can easily detect whether an overvoltage detecting function is normal or not. In the overvoltage detecting apparatus, with respect to blocks of cells constituting the combination battery, reference voltage generators, voltage dividers, comparators, and switching circuits for performing an ON/OFF operation between the cells and the reference voltage generators are arranged, and an output from the comparator of an upper cell controls the switching circuit of the next lower cell, so that a detection result is sequentially transmitted to lower cell blocks. A control signal given from a battery controller to the uppermost cell block is changed, and the normality/abnormality of the overvoltage detecting function is determined by checking whether a detection signal follows the control signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An overvoltage detecting apparatus, for a combination battery, which detects an overvoltage of each cell of said combination battery constituted by connecting a plurality of secondary battery cells in serial or in serial-parallel with each other, comprising:
reference voltage generation means for generating a reference voltage corresponding to a charge end voltage by using a terminal voltage of said cell;
voltage division means for dividing the terminal voltage of said cell at a predetermined division ratio;
comparison means for comparing an output from said reference voltage generation means and an output from said voltage division means with each other;
insulating type first switching means connected to perform an ON/OFF operation between said cell and said reference voltage generation means in accordance with a control signal;
said means being arranged for each cell block, and
the cell blocks of said combination battery being sequentially connected to each other such that an output from said comparison means of said cell block whose cell potential is higher by one is used as a control signal of said switching means, and
control means for supplying a control signal to said first switching means of said cell block having the highest potential, inputting an output from said comparison means of said cell block having the lowest potential as a detection signal, fixing the control signal in a normal operation, determining an overvoltage by the detection signal, changing the control signal in a predetermined order in inspection, and determining the normality/abnormality of an overvoltage detecting function by checking whether the detection signal follows the change of the control signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An overvoltage detecting apparatus for a combination battery, according to claim 1, wherein a light-emitting diode for emitting light in accordance with an output from said comparison means is arranged for each cell block of said combination battery so as to display a cell having an overvoltage.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

An overvoltage detecting apparatus for a combination battery, according to claim 1, wherein an insulating type second switching means which uses an output from said comparison means as a control signal and performs switching while being insulated from said cell is arranged for each of said cell blocks, so that the control signal is transmitted from said comparison means of a cell block having an upper potential to said first switching means of a cell block having a lower potential through said second switching means.

### Claim 4

An overvoltage detecting apparatus, for a combination battery, which detects an overvoltage of each cell of said combination battery constituted by connecting a plurality of secondary battery cells in serial or in serial-parallel with each other, comprising:
first reference voltage generation means for generating a reference voltage corresponding to a charge end voltage by using a terminal voltage of said cell, and second reference voltage generation means having the same arrangement as that of said first reference voltage generation means;
first voltage division means for dividing the terminal voltage of said cell at a predetermined division ratio, and second voltage division means having the same arrangement as that of said first voltage division means;
insulating type switching means for switchably outputting an output from said first reference voltage generation means and a ground potential in accordance with a control signal, the control signal being insulated from an input/output;
comparison means for comparing an output from said insulating type switching means and an output from said first voltage division means;
a first block constituted by first switching means for switchably outputting an output from said second reference voltage generation means and a ground potential in accordance with the control signal, a first amplification means for sending an output for inverting a first inversion means when a difference between an output from said first reference voltage generation means and an output from said first switching means exceeds a predetermined allowance error, and said first inversion means connected to an output of said first amplification means;
a second block constituted by second switching means for switchably outputting an output from said first reference voltage generation means and a ground potential in accordance with the control signal, a second amplification means for sending an output for inverting a second inversion means when a difference between an output from said second reference voltage generation means and an output from said second switching means exceeds a predetermined allowance error, and said second inversion means connected to an output of said second amplification means;
a third block constituted by third switching means for switchably outputting an output from said second voltage division means and a ground potential in accordance with the control signal, a third amplification means for sending an output for inverting a third inversion means when a difference between an output from said first voltage dividing means and an output from said third switching means exceeds a predetermined allowance error, and said third inversion means connected to an output of said third amplification means;
a fourth block constituted by fourth switching means for switchably outputting an output from said first voltage division means and a ground potential in accordance with the control signal, a fourth amplification means for sending an output for inverting a fourth inversion means when a difference between an output from said second voltage dividing means and an output from said fourth switching means exceeds a predetermined allowance error, and said fourth inversion means connected to an output of said fourth amplification means;
said means and blocks being arranged for each cell,
said first to fourth blocks being arranged in an arbitrary order, and being sequentially connected to each other such that an output from said comparison means is given as a control signal of said switching means of the first block, and an output from said inversion means of each block is used as a control signal of said switching means of said next block, and
said cell blocks of said combination battery being sequentially connected to each other such that an output from said inversion means of said last block of said cell block whose cell potential is higher by one is used as a control signal of said insulating type switching means, and
control means for supplying a control signal to said insulating type switching means of a cell block having the highest potential, inputting an output from said inversion means of said last block of a cell block having the lowest potential as a detection signal, fixing the control signal in a normal operation, determining an overvoltage by the detection signal, changing the control signal in a predetermined order in inspection, and determining the normality/abnormality of an overvoltage detecting function by checking whether the detection signal follows the change of the control signal.