# US 5,705,794 A · Combined heating cycles to improve efficiency in inductive heating operations > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,705,794 A - Document ID: US5705794A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/452,216 - Filed: 1995-05-26 - Granted: 1998-01-06 - Earliest claimed: 1991-10-15 - Assignees: The Boeing Company - Inventors: Franna S. P. Gillespie; Marc R. Matsen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5705794A ## CPC - B22F 3/105: by using electric current {other than for infrared radiant energy}, laser radiation or plasma (B22F3/11 takes precedence){; by ultrasonic bonding (B22F3/115 takes precedence)} - B21D 26/021: Deforming sheet bodies - B21D 26/055: Blanks having super-plastic properties - B23K 20/023: {Thermo-compression bonding} - B29C 33/06: using radiation {, e.g. electro-magnetic waves, induction heating} - B29C 35/08: by wave energy or particle radiation {(B29C64/00, B29C71/04 take precedence)} - B29C 43/10: Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies - B29C 43/3642: {Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing} - B29C 43/52: Heating or cooling - B29C 70/44: using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding - B29C 70/542: {Placing or positioning the reinforcement in a covering or packaging element before or during moulding, e.g. drawing in a sleeve} - B32B 37/06: characterised by the heating method - B64C 3/18: Spars; Ribs; Stringers - H05B 6/365: {using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces} - B23K 2101/18: Sheet panels - B29C 33/08: for dielectric heating - B29C 2035/0811: {using induction} - B29C 2043/3222: {pressurized gas, e.g. air} - B29C 2043/3233: {exerting pressure on mould parts} - B32B 2305/024: Honeycomb - B32B 2310/0812: using induction - C09K 2205/12: Hydrocarbons - Y02T 50/40: Weight reduction - B22F: WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER (making alloys by powder metallurgy C22C); APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER - B21D: WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL (working or processing of wire B21F) - B23K: SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) - B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM - B64C: AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS - H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract Our induction heating workcell permits rapid and controlled heating and cooling of a workpiece within a wide temperature range. The induction workcell allows us to combine manufacturing operations, like SPF, brazing, and annealing, into a single heating cycle to save time, energy, capital, touch labor, and factory space. Superplastic forming (SPF) and brazing occur at temperatures that differ by about 150.degree.-200.degree. F. (85.degree.-105.degree. C.) or more as do SPF and .beta.-annealing of titanium. We can combine these operations into an economical single cycle in which both operations are done during a single heating of the press Multisheet SPF parts with braze joints at selected locations are made by (a) heating a multisheet pack to its superplastic forming range below the melting point of the braze alloy, (b) superplastically forming the pack at the SPF temperature to form the sheets and to define braze joints having unmelted braze alloy, (c) increasing the temperature to the braze temperature of the braze alloy, and (d) cooling the pack below the superplastic range to freeze the braze alloy in the braze joint. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A combined cycle manufacturing method for making an annealed, multisheet part having braze joints between adjacent sheets at selected locations, the metal being formable superplastically in a superplastic forming temperature range, a braze alloy used to form the braze joints having a melting point, comprising the steps of: (a) assembling a pack of a plurality of sheets of sheet metal having braze alloy affixed to at least one sheet at selected locations corresponding to the location of braze joints in the part; (b) loading the pack to a press; (c) heating the pack to a first superplastic forming temperature within the superplastic forming range; (d) superplastically forming the pack at the first superplastic forming temperature to define a selected core geometry for the part and to define the braze joints; (e) heating the pack above the first superplastic forming temperature to the melting point of the braze alloy to allow the braze alloy to flow in the areas of the braze joints; (f) annealing the part at a second, annealing temperature above the first superplastic forming temperature; (g) cooling the part at a controlled rate from the annealing temperature to below the first superplastic forming temperature and to below the superplastic forming temperature range (1) to obtain a desired microstructure, (2) to freeze the braze alloy in the braze joint, and (3) to finish the part; and (h) removing the finished part from the press. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the forming occurs at no more than about 1650.degree. F. (900.degree. C.), melting the braze alloy occurs at no less than about 1750.degree. F. (954.degree. C.), the annealing occurs at no less than about 1850.degree. F. (1010.degree. C.), and the removing step occurs at no more than about 500.degree. F. (260.degree. C.). ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of reheating the pack to about 1400.degree. F. (760.degree. C.) for a stabilization anneal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the controlled rate of step (g) is about 30.degree.-85.degree. F./min (16.degree.-48.degree. C./min). ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the sheets are titanium alloy. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the sheets are aluminum alloy. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein the braze alloy is an alloy of titanium, copper, and nickel. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The product obtained by the process of claim 1. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The product of claim 8 wherein the sheets are titanium alloy and the braze alloy is an alloy of titanium, copper, and nickel. ### Claim 10 A method for improving manufacturing efficiency by combining manufacturing operations on a part into sequential stages of a single heat cycle in an induction heating process, comprising the steps of: (a) loading an induction heating press with a workplace, the workpiece comprising at least one sheet of a material selected from metal or resin; (b) inductively heating the workpiece to a first operating temperature; (c) conducting a first manufacturing operation on the workpiece at the first operating temperature to produce a partially completed part, the operation affecting at least one of the chemical properties of the workpiece, the physical properties of the workpiece, or physical configuration of the workpiece; (d) inductively changing the temperature to a second operating temperature without removing the partially completed part from the press; and (e) conducting a second manufacturing operation on the partially completed part at the second operating temperature. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the workpiece is metal and the manufacturing operations are selected from the group consisting of forming, brazing, bonding, and annealing. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the pack is sealed within a retort of material susceptible to induction heating. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the workpiece is sealed within a retort, the retort being a sealed outer envelope made from a material susceptible to induction heating. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the material is an aluminum or titanium alloy, wherein the first operation is superplastic forming, and wherein the second operation is brazing. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of: annealing the partially completed part following the brazing operation without removing the partially complete part from the press. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of: cooling the partially completed part at a controlled rate after annealing to obtain a desired microstructure.