# US 5,705,140 A · Process for the transformation of halogenated refrigerant gases > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,705,140 A - Document ID: US5705140A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/503,560 - Filed: 1995-07-18 - Granted: 1998-01-06 - Earliest claimed: 1995-07-18 - Assignees: Transformation Technologies, Ltd. - Inventors: P. G. Johansing, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5705140A ## CPC - F23J 7/00: Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire - C01F 11/18: Carbonates - C01F 11/20: Halides - C01F 11/22: Fluorides - C01F 11/24: Chlorides - F23G 7/065: {using gaseous or liquid fuel} - F23C 2900/9901: Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel - F23G 2208/10: Preventing or abating fire or explosion, e.g. by purging - F23G 2209/142: Halogen gases, e.g. silane - F23J 2219/70: Condensing contaminants with coolers - F23L 2900/07004: Injecting liquid or solid materials releasing oxygen, e.g. perchlorate, nitrate, peroxide, and chlorate compounds, or appropriate mixtures thereof - Y02E 20/34: Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery - F23J: REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES (combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F23G7/06) - C01F: COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS (metal hydrides {monoborane, diborane or addition complexes thereof} C01B6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B11/00; peroxides, salts of peroxyacids C01B15/00; sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium C01B17/42; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B17/64; compounds containing selenium or tellurium C01B19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B21/06; azides C01B21/08; {compounds other than ammonia or cyanogen containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals C01B21/082; amides or imides of silicon C01B21/087}; metal {imides or} amides C01B21/092, {C01B21/0923}; nitrites C01B21/50; {compounds of noble gases C01B23/0005}; phosphides C01B25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B25/16; carbides C01B32/90; compounds containing silicon C01B33/00; compounds containing boron C01B35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C01B37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C01B39/00; cyanides C01C3/08; salts of cyanic acid C01C3/14; salts of cyanamide C01C3/16; thiocyanates C01C3/20; {double sulfates of magnesium with sodium or potassium C01D5/12; with other alkali metals C01D15/00, C01D17/00}) - F23G: CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION - F23C: METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN {A CARRIER GAS OR} AIR (burners F23D) - F23L: SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ({air-supply arrangements for fluent fuels F23C;} firebridges with means for feeding air or steam F23M3/04; baffles or shields with air supply passages F23M9/04); VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS {(dampers and throat restrictors for open fire-places F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts F24)}; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract The high temperature combustion of hydrogen and oxygen is used to transform halogenated refrigerant gases (HRGs) and halons to produce calcium fluoride salts. Calcium carbonate is also produced by a series of chemical processes. Calcium chloride is partially consumed by the process by reaction with fluoride released during the high temperature combustion of the HRGs. Calcium chloride is also produced in the process during scrubbing of chlorine and during the recovery of ammonia used to remove carbon dioxide. The calcium chloride produced during the process can be used in the combustion reaction to further produce calcium fluoride. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of forming calcium halide salts from halocarbon gases comprising: introducing a mixture of oxygen, a combustible fuel gas, steam and a halocarbon gas into a reactor; simultaneously injecting a calcium reagent into the reactor with the mixture; and then igniting the mixture, along with the injected calcium reagent, within the reactor to decompose the halocarbon gas so that halogen constituents of the halocarbon gas are released within the reactor to react with the calcium reagent to form calcium halide salts. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: the combustible fuel is hydrogen gas. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: the calcium reagent is selected from a group consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium reagent is selected from a group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate; and wherein the halocarbon gas contains fluorine and the calcium halide salt is calcium fluoride. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: the halocarbon gas contains flourine: and the calcium halide salt formed are calcium fluoride salts. ### Claim 6 A method of forming calcium fluoride salts from halocarbon gases containing fluorine comprising: introducing a mixture of oxygen, hydrogen, steam and a halocarbon gas containing fluorine into a reactor; simultaneously injecting a calcium reagent into the reactor with the mixture; and then igniting the mixture, along with the injected calcium reagent, within the reactor to form decomposition products with fluorine being released within the reactor to react with the calcium reagent to form calcium fluoride. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein: the calcium reagent is selected from a group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein: the calcium fluoride salts are formed in the transformation of halocarbon gases into nongaseous products; and further comprising: cooling the decomposition products formed from the decomposition of the halocarbon gas by contacting the decomposition products with an aqueous cooling fluid so that at least some of the decomposition products are collected and carried along with calcium fluoride which is precipitated as particles in an aqueous liquid phase; and filtering the liquid phase to separate the calcium fluoride particles from the aqueous liquid phase. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, further comprising: neutralizing acids formed during the decomposition of the halocarbon gases which are present in the aqueous liquid phase prior to filtering. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein: neutralizing acids includes admixing calcium carbonate to the aqueous liquid phase. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein: the cooling fluid is an aqueous calcium chloride solution. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein: at least one of the calcium reagent and the halocarbon gas contains chlorine; and hydrochloric acid is one of the decomposition products carried in the aqueous liquid phase, the calcium carbonate reacting with the hydrochloric acid in the aqueous liquid phase during neutralizing to form calcium chloride; and further comprising utilizing the aqueous liquid phase as the aqueous cooling fluid for cooling the decomposition products. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein: carbon dioxide gas is one of the decomposition products; and further comprising intermixing the carbon dioxide gas with ammonia and a solution of calcium chloride so that the carbon dioxide gas reacts with the ammonia and calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein: at least one of the calcium reagent and the halocarbon gas contains chlorine; and chlorine gas is one of the decomposition products; and further comprising intermixing the chlorine gas with hydrogen peroxide and calcium hydroxide solution to form calcium chloride. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein: the calcium chloride formed is used as the calcium reagent. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein: carbon dioxide gas is one of the decomposition products; and further comprising intermixing the carbon dioxide gas with ammonia and a solution of calcium chloride so that the carbon dioxide gas reacts with the ammonia and calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate; then admixing the calcium carbonate to the aqueous liquid phase prior to the step of filtering to neutralize acids formed during the decomposition of the halocarbon gases which are present in the aqueous liquid phase. ### Claim 17 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein: at least one of the calcium reagent and the halocarbon gas contains chlorine; and carbon dioxide gas and hydrochloric acid are both decomposition products formed in the reactor with the hydrochloric acid being carried in the aqueous liquid phase; and further comprising introducing the aqueous liquid phase from the reactor into an enclosed vessel; admixing calcium carbonate to the aqueous liquid phase within the enclosed vessel so that the calcium carbonate reacts with the hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide gas and calcium chloride; utilizing a selected amount of the aqueous liquid phase from the enclosed vessel as the aqueous cooling fluid for cooling the decomposition products; collecting the carbon dioxide gas from the reactor and the enclosed vessel and intermixing the collected carbon dioxide gas with an ammonia source and a solution of calcium chloride so that the carbon dioxide gas reacts with the ammonia source and calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate; and then admixing the calcium carbonate formed to the aqueous liquid phase within the enclosed vessel for reacting with the hydrochloric acid. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein: ammonium chloride is also formed along with the calcium carbonate; and further comprising mixing the ammonium chloride with calcium hydroxide to produce calcium chloride product and ammonia gas; utilizing the ammonia gas as the ammonia source; and utilizing the calcium chloride product as the calcium reagent. ### Claim 19 A method of transforming halocarbon gases into nongaseous products, the method comprising: introducing a mixture of oxygen, a combustible fuel gas, steam and a halocarbon gas into a reactor; simultaneously injecting a calcium reagent into the reactor with the mixture; then igniting the mixture along with the injected calcium reagent within the reactor to form decomposition products, with halogen constituents of the halocarbon gas being released within the reactor to react with the calcium reagent to form calcium halide salts, and wherein carbon constituents of the halocarbon gas react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas; and reacting the released carbon dioxide gas with ammonia and an aqueous solution of calcium chloride so that the released carbon dioxide gas reacts with the ammonia and calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising: reacting other gaseous decomposition products so that said other gaseous decomposition products are transformed into nongaseous products. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: utilizing at least some of the nongaseous decomposition products to form the calcium reagent.