# US 5,704,229 A · Process and apparatus for producing nitrogen

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- Number: US 5,704,229 A
- Document ID: US5704229A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/769,025
- Filed: 1996-12-18
- Granted: 1998-01-06
- Earliest claimed: 1996-12-18
- Assignees: The BOC Group, Inc.
- Inventors: Vincent Coakley; Robert A. Mostello
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5704229A

## CPC

- F25J 3/044: {using a single pressure main column system only (F25J3/0446, F25J3/04624, F25J3/04636 take precedence)}
- F25J 3/0403: {of nitrogen}
- F25J 3/0423: {Subcooling of liquid process streams}
- F25J 3/04284: {using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams (F25J3/04333 takes precedence)}
- F25J 3/0429: {of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column}
- F25J 3/04375: {Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.}
- F25J 3/04381: {using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders}
- F25J 3/04393: {using multiple or multistage gas work expansion}
- F25J 2200/72: Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
- F25J 2205/02: using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J 2230/52: the fluid being oxygen enriched compared to air, e.g. "crude oxygen"
- F25J 2245/40: the recycled stream being air
- F25J 2245/42: the recycled stream being nitrogen
- F25J: LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS {OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS} MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT {OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE (cryogenic pumps F04B37/08; gas storage vessels, gas holders F17; filing vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied or solidified gases F17C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B)}

## Abstract

An air separation process and apparatus employing a single column nitrogen generator. Part of the incoming air stream to be separated is expanded and combined with a waste stream. After partial warming of the combined stream, the combined stream is expanded and then utilized to liquefy part of the incoming air and for refrigeration purposes.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A process for separating air to produce a nitrogen product, said process including:
cooling a first part of a compressed and purified air stream to a temperature suitable for its rectification;
dividing said first part of said compressed and purified air stream into first and second subsidiary streams;
liquefying said second subsidiary stream;
introducing said first and second subsidiary streams into a single column nitrogen generator to produce a tower overhead and a liquid column bottoms;
condensing a stream of the tower overhead to produce a condensate;
employing part of the condensate to reflux the single column nitrogen generator and a remaining part of the condensate to form a liquid nitrogen product stream;
valve expanding a coolant stream formed from said liquid column bottoms and vaporizing said coolant stream against the condensation of the tower overhead, thereby to form said condensate and a vaporized coolant stream;
partly cooling a second part of the compressed and purified air stream to a temperature above said temperature suitable for the rectification of the first part of the compressed and purified air stream;
expanding said second part of the compressed and purified air stream with performance of work;
partially warming said second part of the compressed and purified air stream and a waste stream formed at least in part from said vaporized coolant stream;
forming a combined expanded waste stream by combining and then expanding with the performance of work said second part of the compressed and purified air stream and said waste stream;
fully warming said combined expanded waste stream by indirectly exchanging heat from said second subsidiary stream to said combined expanded waste stream, thereby to at least in part liquefy said second subsidiary stream, and by indirectly exchanging further heat from said first and second parts of the compressed and purified air stream, thereby to lower enthalpy of said first and second parts of the compressed and purified air stream; and
forming at least part of the nitrogen product from the liquid nitrogen product stream.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The process for claim 1, wherein:
said combined expanded waste stream has a subatmospheric pressure; and
said combined expanded waste stream is pressurized for atmospheric discharge.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The process for claim 1, wherein:
said coolant stream, prior to valve expansion, is subcooled by engaging in indirect heat transfer with said expanded combined stream and vaporized coolant stream; and
said second subsidiary stream also indirect exchanges still further heat to said waste stream to accomplish the liquefaction of said second subsidiary stream.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The process for claim 1, wherein:
said liquid nitrogen product stream is flashed and phase separated to form liquid and vapor phases;
said nitrogen product is formed from said liquid phase; and
a vapor stream composed of the vapor phase is combined with the vaporized coolant stream to form said waste stream.

### Claim 5

An apparatus for separating air to produce a nitrogen product, said apparatus including:
main heat exchange means configured for cooling a first part of a compressed and purified air stream to a temperature suitable for its rectification, for partly cooling a second part of the compressed and purified air stream to a temperature above said temperature suitable for the rectification of the first part of the compressed and purified air stream, and for partially warming said second part of the compressed and purified air stream and a waste stream formed at least in part from a vaporized coolant stream;
a junction for dividing said first part of said compressed and purified air stream into first and second subsidiary streams;
liquefaction means configured to liquefy said second subsidiary stream;
a single column nitrogen generator connected to said junction and said liquefaction means to receive said first and second subsidiary streams and configured to produce a tower overhead and a liquid column bottoms;
a head condenser connected to said single column nitrogen generator and configured to condense a stream of the tower overhead, thereby to produce a condensate, to vaporize a coolant stream formed from said liquid column bottoms, thereby to form a vaporized coolant stream and to return a reflux stream to said single column nitrogen generator, thereby to reflux the single column nitrogen generator from part of the condensate;
an expansion valve interposed between said head condenser and said single column nitrogen generator to valve expand said coolant stream;
first expansion means for expanding said second part of the compressed and purified air stream with performance of work;
second expansion means connected to said main heat exchange means for expanding with performance of work said second part of the compressed and purified air stream and said waste stream and for producing a combined waste stream;
said liquefaction means connected to said second expansion means and said main heat exchange means connected to said liquefaction means;
said main heat exchange means and said liquefaction means configured to indirectly exchange heat from said second subsidiary stream to said combined expanded waste stream, thereby to at least in part liquefy said second subsidiary stream, and to indirectly exchange further heat from said first and second parts of the compressed and purified air stream to said combined expanded waste stream, thereby to lower enthalpy of said first and second parts of the compressed and purified air stream and fully warm said combined expanded waste stream; and
means connected to said single column nitrogen generator for forming at least part of a nitrogen product from a liquid nitrogen product stream composed of a remaining part of the condensate.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a blower in communication with said second expansion means to pressurize said combined expanded waste stream.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
subcooler means interposed between said expansion valve and said single column nitrogen generator for indirectly transferring heat between said coolant stream and said expanded combined stream and said vaporized coolant stream, thereby to subcool said coolant stream; and
said main heat exchange means and liquefaction means configured to indirectly exchange heat from said second subsidiary stream to also said waste stream.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The apparatus of claim 5, wherein:
said nitrogen product forming means includes a phase separation tank connected said single column nitrogen generator for phase separating said liquid nitrogen product stream, thereby to form liquid and vapor phases;
said phase separator having an outlet to discharge said liquid phase, thereby to form said nitrogen product; and
said phase separator connected to said head condenser so that a vapor stream composed of said vapor phase combines with said vaporized coolant stream.