# US 5,704,003 A · RCELP coder

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- Number: US 5,704,003 A
- Document ID: US5704003A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/530,040
- Filed: 1995-09-19
- Granted: 1997-12-30
- Earliest claimed: 1995-09-19
- Assignees: Lucent Technologies Inc.
- Inventors: Willem Bastiaan Kleijn; Dror Nahumi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5704003A

## CPC

- G10L 19/09: Long term prediction, i.e. removing periodical redundancies, e.g. by using adaptive codebook or pitch predictor
- G10L: SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING

## Abstract

An improved method of speech coding for use in conjunction with speech coding methods wherein speech is digitized into a plurality of temporally defined frames, each frame including a plurality of sub-frames, and the digitized speech is partitioned into periodic components and a residual signal. For each of a plurality of sub-frames of the residual signal, the improved method of speech coding selects and applies a time shift T to the sub-frame by applying a matching criterion to (a) the current sub-frame of the residual signal, and (b) a sample-to-sample (subframe-to-subframe) pitch delay determined by applying linear interpolation to known pitch delays occurring at or near frame-to-frame boundaries of previous frames. The matching criterion is applied by minimizing .epsilon., where: ##EQU1## (r(n-T)) is the residual signal of the current frame shifted by time T, r(n-D(n)) is the delayed residual signal from a previously-occurring frame, n is a positive integer, r is the instantaneous amplitude of the residual signal, and D(n) is the sample-to-sample pitch delay determined by applying linear interpolation to known pitch delay values occurring at or near frame-to-frame boundaries.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of speech coding for use in conjunction with speech coding methods wherein speech is digitized into a plurality of temporally defined frames, each frame having a plurality of sub-frames including a current sub-frame present during a specified time interval, each frame having a pitch delay value specifying the change in pitch with reference to the immediately preceding frame, each sub-frame including a plurality of samples, and the digitized speech is partitioned into periodic components and a residual signal; the improved method of speech coding comprising the steps of:
(a) for each of a plurality of sub-frames of the residual signal, determining a time shift T based upon (i) the current sub-frame of the residual signal, and (ii) a delayed residual signal from a previously-occurring frame; and
(b) applying the time shift T determined in step (a) to the current sub-frame of the residual signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An improved method of speech coding as set forth in claim 1 wherein the time shift T is determined using a matching criterion defined as ##EQU8## wherein (r(n-T)) is the residual signal of the current frame shifted by time T, r(n-D(n)) is the delayed residual signal from a previously-occurring frame, n is a positive integer, r is the instantaneous amplitude of the residual signal, and D(n) represents the sample-to-sample pitch delay determined by applying linear interpolation to known pitch delay values occurring at or near frame-to-frame boundaries.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A method of speech coding as set forth in claim 2 wherein the time shift T is determined so as to minimize the matching criterion .epsilon., wherein .epsilon. represents the correlation between a sub-frame of the residual signal and a time-shifted version of that residual signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A method of speech coding as set forth in claim 3 wherein a sub-frame of the residual signal is time shifted by time shift T only if a normalized correlation measurement G.sub.opt is greater than or equal to a specified threshold value, wherein G.sub.opt is defined as ##EQU9##

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

An improved method of speech coding as set forth in claim 4 wherein a sub-frame of the residual signal is time shifted by time shift T only if (a) G.sub.opt is greater than or equal to a specified first threshold value, and (b) a peak-to-average ratio is greater than or equal to a specified second threshold value, wherein the peak-to-average ratio is defined as the ratio of the energy of a pulse in a sub-frame of the residual signal to the average energy of the residual signal in that sub-frame, thereby eliminating or reducing the undesired introduction of periodicity into non-periodic speech segments.