# US 5,703,745 A · System for detection of transients from a coupling capacitor voltage transformer used in a protective relay

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- Number: US 5,703,745 A
- Document ID: US5703745A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/546,226
- Filed: 1995-10-20
- Granted: 1997-12-30
- Earliest claimed: 1995-10-20
- Assignees: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
- Inventors: Jeffrey B. Roberts; Daqing Hou
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5703745A

## CPC

- H02H 3/40: responsive to ratio of voltage and current
- H02H 1/0007: {concerning the detecting means (in general G01R or other subclasses of G01; reed switches H01H71/2445)}
- H02H 1/04: Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning {or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of DC component by short circuits in AC networks}
- H02H 3/04: with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned {(watching of pilot wires H02H1/0084; protection of protective arrangements H02H7/008; indication of the state of electronic switches H03K17/18)}
- H02H: EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H)

## Abstract

The voltage and current conditions on a power transmission line are monitored to determine the coincidence of a low voltage condition and a lack of a high current condition. The coincidence of those two conditions is indicative of a CCVT transient, and the tripping action from zone 1 distance elements is delayed for a period of 1.375 cycles. The tripping delay is supervised by a fault impedance determination, which, if a threshold is exceeded, the remaining portion of the time delay is eliminated, so that a trip is allowed if the time delay period has not expired.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for detecting and compensating for a transient signal from a coupling capacitor voltage transformer used in a protective relay for a power system, comprising:
means for detecting a low voltage condition on the power transmission line which would otherwise result in a trip signal to a circuit breaker for the system;
means for detecting a high current condition on the power transmission line;
means for time delaying the trip signal if a high current condition is not present when the low voltage condition is detected; and
means for by-passing a remaining portion of the time delay, such that a trip signal is sent to the circuit breaker prior to expiration of the time delay, if a fault impedance determination achieves a selected characteristic prior to completion of time delay.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selected characteristic is the smoothness of at least one impedance calculation.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

An apparatus of claim 1, wherein the time delay is 1.375 cycles.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

An apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fault impedance smoothness calculations have variable thresholds.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

An apparatus of claim 1, including means for establishing low voltage and high current thresholds automatically, without the requirement of user settings.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

An apparatus of claim 1, wherein the impedance value is determined according to the following formula: ##EQU2##

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

An apparatus of claim 5, wherein the low voltage and high current detection means including thresholds established using the line impedance, a predetermined SIR and a predetermined value of secondary voltage.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

An apparatus of claim 7, wherein the SIR is equal to five and the secondary voltage is equal to the nominal secondary voltage.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

An apparatus of claim 8, wherein the nominal secondary voltage is 66.4 volts.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

An apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high current detecting means includes a phase-to-ground high current determination threshold and a phase-to-phase high current determination threshold and the low voltage detecting means includes a low voltage determination threshold and wherein the threshold for a phase-to-ground high current determination is V/2(2Z.sub.L1 +Z.sub.L0), where V is a nominal voltage level, and wherein the threshold for a phase-to-phase high current determination is .sqroot.3V/6Z.sub.L1, where V is the nominal voltage.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

An apparatus of claim 10, wherein the threshold for the low voltage determinations is the value of the current thresholds multiplied by the value of the combined replica line impedances.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

An apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power system has a power system signal thereon and wherein the remaining portion of the time delay is by-passed after 3/8ths of a cycle of the power system signal has occurred.